Effect of outdoor play on children

Effect of outdoor play on children The aim of this project is to explore the effect of outdoor play on childrens social, emotional and physical development. According to Bruce (2004) play is probably one of the least understood aspects of an early-childhood practitioners work (p.135). The conceptualisation of play is shared by many other early childhood practitioners for whom play is considered essential, as an activity promoting learning (p.135). Outdoor play is a much needed activity in the early childhood. You may have come across a child playing and you are sure he/she is having a fun time. Therefore, play is the building block of a childs intellectual skills. Through play child develops social, emotional and physical skills. The outdoors according to Letter Wyver (2008) presents obvious opportunities to move and be active, and for children to discover and engage with the natural environment, as well as the chance for open ended activities such as sand water play, construction and pretend play. According to Hutt et al (1989, p.10) the emotional and social development of pre-school children depends crucially upon play while Penn (2008) asserts that to learn about child development is to learn about Piaget (p.41). As Piaget focused on how children acquire knowledge, he tried to understand how children change the way they think, how babies show intense reactions to external stimuli them (Penn, 2008). Ibid (2008) asserts that it was Piaget who provided a theoretical legitimating of learning through play. In addition, Berk (2009), Keenan (2002) Bruce (2004) are firm believers that children actively explore their environment and are influential in shaping their own knowledge. They believe that it was through social interaction with more experienced and more knowledgeable members of the society parents, relatives, teachers, peers etc. that children are able to acquire the knowledge and skills that a culture deems to be important According to Bruce (2004) there is no clear definition for play. It is still an umbrella world (Ibid, 1991), while other early childhood practitioners defined play as childs work. Play is primary way children express their social nature (Strickland et al, 2003). Ibid (2003) argued that all kids enjoy playing alone some of the time; while some prefer to play with others (social play) much of the time. Play is an integral part of learning. Piaget defined play as a kind of scientific rehearsal (Penn, 2008; p.43). While Bitton (2010) stated that play offers a meaningful context for children and that it is only when a situation has meaning and purpose ED3000 0749364 that children can function at a higher level (p.49). Childrens emotions are ways in which they react to situations while social development refers to how they get alone with peers and form relationships (Ashiabi, 2007). Furthermore, emotional and social developments are linked because childrens social interactions are usually emotionally charged (Ibid, 2007). To clearly explore the role of outdoor play on social, emotional and physical development. Strickland et al (2003) asserts that outdoor play is critical to the social development of 3-4 year old children, and to girls in particular when it comes to building self confidence (p.2). In addition, children learn to be more empathy and less egocentric through play and they develop more skills for coping with conflict while boys tend to engage in more social dramatic outdoor play than indoors; outdoor play allows boys who are more physical to assume leadership roles (Srickland, 2002) and perhaps get more positive affirmation than they do inside. White (2007) confirmed that when given the choice, the outdoors is where most children want to be and playing outdoors is preferable to indoors. In support of this argument, Eustice Heald (1992) argued that outdoor play is an extension of classroom activities which summarises the beliefs of early year management that children learn best by explorin g, investigating and solving problems outdoors (p.7). While Alfano (2010) asserts that playing outdoors is a form of exercise that promotes well-being and wholesome physical developments; and that children are naturally drawn to active play outdoors. One of the obvious benefits of getting kids outside to play is the increased exercise they will be getting as opposed to setting in front of the T.V. or computer. Most early years scholars have also assert that when children play outdoors they are developing mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. This view is supported by Johnson et al (2002) that children gain lots of opportunities outside to develop basic social skills and social competencies e.g. running, jumping cycling, hide and seek, sing; sensing, make noise, make mess, crawl, and explore the natural world unchallenged. While Brice (2004) viewed that through play, children develop initiative and are strengthened to face challenges in life (p.134). More so, playing outdoors reduces stress in kids. Children express and work out emotional aspects of everyday experiences through unstructured play (Levesque. 2011). Whilst Strickland (2002) argued that there are also opportunities for emotional development as children test their limit and challenge themselves to try things that may be just at the edge of their reach ED3000 0749364 Moreover, most theorists found that pretend play outdoors was the most dominant form of play (Bulton, 2002). Perhaps thats why theorists such as Piaget and Vygotsky assert that pretend play provides children with opportunities to practice grown up and perspective talking (Ashiabi, 2007; p.2002). Also, in pretend play a child is always above his average age (Penn, 2008; p.44) and above their daily behaviour. In addition, Wyver Little (2008) asserts that play also facilitates language development, creative thinking and problem-solving; and helps children deal with complex and competing emotions. In view of the above statement, parents should allow their children play with other children because it helps in the emotional and social development. Although social and emotional benefits of outdoor play may not be in clear cut, one benefit from research is that it allows kids to move freely, make noise and self-express themselves in ways that many not be encouraging inside. Outside play encourages logical thinking and the ability to reason through highly interactive activities such as building sand-castles, playing games with friends, playing puzzles with friends etc. Time spent outside with peers helps to create social skills that are needed for great healthy friendship (Brouillette, 2010). While Froebal cited by Bruce (2004) stated that play is the highest level of learning.activities of the child (p.132). While Siraj-Blatchford et al (2002) cited by Bruce (2004) shows that the richest play is found especially in nursery schools. According to Little Wyver (2008) the significanc e of outdoor play as an essential part of every childs life has also been acknowledged by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 31 supports a childs right to rest and leisure, and to participate in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child. There are other reasons why playing outdoor is important for children, according to Stewart (2010) when children play outside, they are more likely to maintain a healthy weight because they get the chance to burn off extra calories by running, jumping, climbing, riding bikes, yelling etc. which can also lead to better sleep. Also, the above exercise help children to develop small and large muscles, strengthened bones, increases flexibility, fine and gross motor skills and improves their overall health (Ibid, 2010). In addition, outdoor play is important in early childhood because it helps in the physical development of the child as ED3000 0749364 obesity is a common problem among children today (Pillar, 2010). Therefore, engaging in outdoor play helps in preventing childhood obesity. More so, Vitamin D is essential for the skin and can only be derived by playing outdoors as it is impossible to get an adequate amount from food and vitamins alone. Getting kids outdoor increases the exposure to sun and their natural production of Vitamin D. In contrary to the above advantages of outdoor play, White (2007) argued that today it seems that the motivation for childrens outdoor play has declined because global society is very busy in its day-to-day activities and over protected parents. Furthermore, many school age children have too much homework after school, therefore having less time for outdoor play. Whilst those without homework are too busy/lazy watching T.V, playing computer games, or pre-occupied chatting with friends on-line. Lastly, some parents are too busy with work and other activities (watching T.V, Football, cooking) to see to their childrens adequate outdoor play. Some parents are so paranoid that every man outside the street with big glasses/spectacles is a pervert or paedophile waiting to attack or abduct their children as they play outside. Furthermore, social and environmental factors have greatly impacted on childrens opportunities for outdoors play. Little Wyver (2008) asserts that where once children may have spent time playing in the street riding bicycle, playing chasing games, and hide seek etc, increased traffic has made these areas and play opportunities off-limits for children as the changes are far too great. Children are now confined to classroom, backyards or local parks for relatively safe places to play. Also, Ibid (2008) stated that increase demand for housing in many areas, particularly urban areas, is eroding childrens play ground. Lastly, according to Johnson et al (2005) providing for outdoor play needs for children is a complex and challenging task. A variety of factors must be considered, including the various play needs of young children, supervision, safety etc. while many educators, politicians, and parents believe outdoor play takes time away from academic activities; as a result, recess and physical education in many schools is limited or totally eradicated (Sutterby Frost, 2002 cited by Johnson et al, 2005). Word Counts: 1,613

Monet Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Monet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years there have been many respectable artists but one of the most famous of these artists would have to have been French impressionist Claude Oscar Monet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monet was born on Nov. 14, 1840 in Paris, France and started showing an appreciation for art at an early age. When he was nineteen Monet decided that he wanted to attend art school and soon after that he entered the studio of Charles Glegre. While he was there he met and worked with other respectable artists such as Frederic Bazille, Auguset Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monet began working outside with the invention of portable tubes of oil paint in the 1840’s. Soon he began presenting his pictures of the outdoors sunlight with a direct sketch-like application of bright color. Many felt that would cut off any possibilities of him ever becoming a successful painter. Many of Monet’s paintings from this time are extremely loosely structured and the colors seemed to have been applied in strong, distinct strokes as if no   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   II reworking had been attempted. This type of art seemed to suggest that the a...

Dss Leadership Paper

I believe this is one area Davit is very effective in conveying to its teammates. Davit's mission is â€Å"To be the Provider. Partner and Employer of Choice. † Everywhere I have visited within the Village I have seen this mission be the corner stone of what Davit is all about. The teammates really take pride in what they do. They understand that patient outcomes are very important yet management does not forget the importance of professional development, teammate Incentive programs and work environment, all related to being the Employer of Choice.This information has been backed up by organizations like Training Magazine's â€Å"Top 125† which Davit ranked #1 for national health care service provider for its employee training programs. One thing that fits for me in is the statement in the book that states, â€Å"If an action we're are considering doesn't support our mission, either directly or indirectly, we don't do It. † This Is something I plan to live by and really make sure the decisions I make are the Davit way and they fit within our mission and core values.The book states that Santa runs a productive ND he Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus, is written by Eric Harvey, David Cottrell, AY Lucia and Mike Harridan. There are eight main points or Santa Secrets Running head: The Leadership Secrets 3 happy place in spite of the intense pressures and challenges they face. This is exactly the work environment we face within Davit. The environment on the floor Is Intense and the pressure to meet our goals in enormous yet I have fun doing it.I enjoy trying to figure out new ways to improve what we do which leads me to the next secret. Another secret the book discusses is â€Å"Listen to the Elves. † In this chapter the author discusses the importance of inviting participation from the team. The author also encourages the reader to notice how others perceive them and to spend some time walking In their teammates shoes. This Is one area w here I think I can really be an effective leader within Davit. 1 OFF started working as a technical on ten moor Ana 010 so Tort auto one Ana anal years before advancing to an FAA.Even though I have only been with Davit a short amount f time it has allowed me to understand what a technician or nurse goes through working on the floor. I by no means have all the answers and still consider myself a new tech but it has given me a foundation to grow on. I have seen managers outside of Davit and within Davit implement change without first discussing the change with the entire team and I believe that is what this section is all about. Getting you team involved in the decision making process.I think a great example how this process works is when other staff members get involved in all aspects of patient care. For example when our Anemia Manager, asks the clinicians what might have caused a patients Homoerotic to drop; or when our FAA asks us how we want to adjust our patient schedule and the n Running head: The Leadership Secrets 4 chips in during turnover to make the day a little easier; and when our nurses ask the Techs how their day is going and willingly lend a hand with patient care. These are Just some of the examples of how we listen to each other as a team.Conclusion This is a very good book and in the interest of peeping this paper short I will conclude here. I believe these concepts discussed in the book are a great start not Just for the management aspect of business but for our personal lives as well. This book is like no other leadership book I have read and really puts an interesting twist to leadership which makes the book fun to read. It will make for a great reference to look back on. Thank you! Running head: The Leadership Secrets 5 References Cottrell David. (2003). The Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus. Performance Systems Corporation.

Invasion of Italy (Salerno) in World War II

The Allied invasion of Italy took place September 3–16, 1943, during World War II (1939–1945). Having driven the German and Italian troops from North Africa and Sicily, the Allies decided to invade Italy in September 1943. Landing in Calabria and south of Salerno, British and American forces pushed inland. The fighting around Salerno proved particularly fierce and ended when British forces from Calabria arrived. Defeated around the beaches, the Germans withdrew north to the Volturno Line. The invasion opened a second front in Europe and helped take pressure off Soviet forces in the east. Fast Facts: Invasion of Italy Dates: September 3–16, 1943, during World War II (1939–1945).Allies Armies and Commanders: General Sir Harold Alexander, General Sir Bernard Montgomery, and Lieutenant General Mark Clark; 189,000 men.Axis Armies and Commanders: Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and Colonel General Heinrich von Vietinghoff; 100,000 men. Sicily With the conclusion of the campaign in North Africa in the late spring of 1943, Allied planners began looking north across the Mediterranean. Though American leaders such as General George C. Marshall favored moving forward with an invasion of France, his British counterparts desired a strike against southern Europe. Prime Minister Winston Churchill ardently advocated for attacking through what he termed the soft underbelly of Europe, as he believed that Italy could be knocked out of the war and the Mediterranean opened to Allied shipping.  Ã‚   As it became increasingly clear that resources were not available for a cross-Channel operation in 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt agreed to the invasion of Sicily. Landing in July, American and British forces came ashore near Gela and south of Syracuse. Pushing inland, the troops of Lieutenant General George S. Pattons Seventh Army and General Sir Bernard Montgomerys Eighth Army pushed back the Axis defenders.   Next Steps These efforts resulted in a successful campaign that led to the overthrow of Italian leader Benito Mussolini  in late July 1943. With operations in Sicily coming to close in mid-August, the Allied leadership renewed discussions regarding an invasion of Italy. Though the Americans remained reluctant, Roosevelt understood the need to continue engaging the enemy to relieve Axis pressure on the Soviet Union until landings in northwest Europe could move forward. Also, as the Italians had approached the Allies with peace overtures, it was hoped that much of the country could be occupied before German troops arrived in large numbers. Prior to the campaign in Sicily, Allied plans foresaw a limited invasion of Italy that would be restricted to the southern part of the peninsula. With the collapse of Mussolinis government, more ambitious operations were considered. In assessing options for invading Italy, the Americans initially hoped to come ashore in the northern part of the country, but the range of Allied fighters limited potential landing areas to the Volturno river basin and the beaches around Salerno. Though further south, Salerno was chosen due to its calmer surf conditions, proximity to Allied air bases, and the existing road network beyond the beaches. Operation Baytown Planning for the invasion fell to Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the commander of the 15th Army Group, General Sir Harold Alexander. Working on a compressed schedule, their staffs at Allied Force Headquarters devised two operations, Baytown and Avalanche, which called for landings in Calabria and Salerno, respectively. Assigned to Montgomerys Eighth Army, Baytown was scheduled for September 3. It was hoped that these landings would draw German forces south, allowing them to be trapped in southern Italy by the later Avalanche landings on September 9. This approach also had the benefit of the landing craft being able to depart directly from Sicily. Not believing that the Germans would give battle in Calabria, Montgomery came to oppose Operation Baytown as he felt that it placed his men too far from the main landings at Salerno. As events unfolded, Montgomery was proved correct, and his men were forced to march 300 miles against minimal resistance to the reach the fighting. Operation Avalanche Execution of Operation Avalanche fell to Lieutenant General Mark Clarks U.S. Fifth Army, which was comprised of Major General Ernest Dawleys U.S. VI Corps and Lieutenant General Richard McCreerys British X Corps. Tasked with seizing Naples and driving across to the east coast to cut off enemy forces to the south, Operation Avalanche called for landing on a broad, 35-mile front to the south of Salerno. Responsibility for the initial landings fell to the British 46th and 56th Divisions in the north and the U.S. 36th Infantry Division in the south. The Sele River separated the British and American positions. Supporting the invasions left flank was a force of U.S. Army Rangers and British Commandos, which were given the objective of securing the mountain passes on the Sorrento Peninsula and blocking German reinforcements from Naples. Prior to the invasion, extensive thought was given to a variety of supporting airborne operations utilizing the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division. These included employing glider troops to secure the passes on the Sorrento Peninsula as well as a full-division effort to capture the crossings over the Volturno River. Each of these operations was deemed either unnecessary or unsupportable and was dismissed. As a result, the 82nd was placed in reserve. At sea, the invasion would be supported by a total of 627 vessels under the command of Vice Admiral Henry K. Hewitt, a veteran of both the North Africa and Sicily landings. Though achieving surprise was unlikely, Clark made no provision for a pre-invasion naval bombardment despite evidence from the Pacific that suggested this was required. German Preparations With the collapse of Italy, the Germans commenced plans for defending the peninsula. In the north, Army Group B, under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, assumed responsibility as far south as Pisa. Below this point, Field Marshal Albert Kesselrings Army Command South was tasked with halting the Allies. Kesselrings primary field formation, Colonel General Heinrich von Vietinghoffs Tenth Army, consisting of XIV Panzer Corps and LXXVI Panzer Corps, came online on August 22 and began moving to defensive positions. Not believing that any enemy landings in Calabria or other areas in the south would be the main Allied effort, Kesselring left these areas lightly defended and directed troops to delay any advances by destroying bridges and blocking roads. This task largely fell to General Traugott Herrs LXXVI Panzer Corps. Montgomery Lands On September 3, Eighth Armys XIII Corps crossed the Straits of Messina and commenced landings at various points in Calabria. Meeting light Italian opposition, Montgomerys men had little trouble coming ashore and began forming to move north. Though they encountered some German resistance, the greatest impediment to their advance came in the form of demolished bridges, mines, and roadblocks. Due to the rugged nature of the terrain, which held British forces to the roads, Montgomerys speed became dependent on the rate at which his engineers could clear obstacles. On September 8, the Allies announced that Italy had formally surrendered. In response, the Germans initiated Operation Achse, which saw them disarm Italian units and take over the defense of key points. With the Italian capitulation, the Allies commenced Operation Slapstick on September 9, which called for British and U.S. warships to ferry the British 1st Airborne Division into the port of Taranto. Meeting no opposition, they landed and occupied the port. Landing at Salerno On September 9, Clarks forces began moving towards the beaches south of Salerno. Aware of the Allies approach, German forces on the heights behind the beaches prepared for the landings. On the Allied left, the Rangers and Commandos came ashore without incident and quickly secured their objectives in the mountains of the Sorrento Peninsula. To their right, McCreerys corps encountered fierce German resistance and required naval gunfire support to move inland. Fully occupied on their front, the British were unable to press south to link up with the Americans. Meeting intense fire from elements of the 16th Panzer Division, the 36th Infantry Division initially struggled to gain ground until reserve units were landed. As night fell, the British had achieved an advance inland of between five to seven miles while the Americans held the plain to the south of the Sele and gained around five miles in some areas. Though the Allies had come ashore, German commanders were pleased with the initial defense and began shifting units towards the beachhead. The Germans Strike Back Over the next three days, Clark worked to land additional troops and expand the Allied lines. Due to the tenacious German defense, growing the beachhead proved slow, which hampered Clarks ability to build up additional forces. As a result, by September 12, X Corps switched to the defensive as insufficient men were available to continue the advance. The next day, Kesselring and von Vietinghoff commenced a counteroffensive against the Allied position. While the Hermann Gà ¶ring Panzer Division struck from the north, the main German attack hit the boundary between the two Allied corps. This assault gained ground until stopped by a last-ditch defense by the 36th Infantry Division. That night, the U.S. VI Corps was reinforced by elements of the 82nd Airborne Division, which jumped inside the Allied lines. As additional reinforcements arrived, Clarks men were able to turn back German attacks on September 14 with the aid of naval gunfire. On September 15, having sustained heavy losses and failed to break through the Allied lines, Kesselring put the 16th Panzer Division and 29th Panzergrenadier Division on the defensive. To the north, XIV Panzer Corps continued their attacks but were defeated by Allied forces supported by airpower and naval gunfire. Subsequent efforts met a similar fate the next day. With the battle at Salerno raging, Montgomery was pressed by Alexander to hasten Eighth Armys advance north. Still hampered by poor road conditions, Montgomery dispatched light forces up the coast. On September 16, forward patrols from this detachment made contact with the 36th Infantry Division. With Eighth Armys approach and lacking the forces to continue attacking, von Vietinghoff recommended breaking off the battle and pivoting Tenth Army into a new defensive line spanning the peninsula. Kesselring agreed on September 17 and on the night of the 18/19th, German forces began pulling back from the beachhead. Aftermath During the course of the invasion of Italy, Allied forces sustained 2,009 killed, 7,050 wounded, and 3,501 missing while German casualties numbered around 3,500. Having secured the beachhead, Clark turned north and began attacking towards Naples on September 19. Arriving from Calabria, Montgomerys Eighth Army fell into line on the east side of the Apennine Mountains and pushed up the east coast. On October 1, Allied forces entered Naples as von Vietinghoffs men withdrew into the positions of the Volturno Line. Driving north, the Allies broke through this position and the Germans fought several rearguard actions as they retreated. Pursuing, Alexanders forces ground their way north until encountering the Winter Line in mid-November. Blocked by these defenses, the Allies finally broke through in May 1944 following the Battles of Anzio and Monte Cassino.

Critical Analysis Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay

In Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, we are presented with an unnamed narrator whose values and potentials are invisible to the world around him. Throughout the entirety of the novel, we see the unnamed narrator, also known as the Invisible Man, struggle in an attempt to uncover his identity buried beneath African American oppression and an aggregation of deception. Ellison shows us how lies and deceit may serve as a grave but invaluable obstacle to one’s journey to find their identity. Through the use of imagery, symbols, and motifs of blindness along with invisibility, Ellison portrays the undeniable obstacle that deception plays in one’s ability to establish their identity along with the necessity of it. Within the opening chapter, the†¦show more content†¦The Battle Royal established the relationship between white power, male power, and (hetero)sexual power, the ‘self-grounding presumptions’ of dominant subjectivity, as central to the narrator’s embrace of abjection. Furthermore, it equates these structures or power with the visibility of disempowered bodies. (Jarenski 89) He was deceived by the white man whose approval he so desperately craved. However, this lie and deceit is one necessary to his journey to find his identity. It was essential for the Invisible Man to face this hard pressed reality and embrace the abjection. The Battle Royal inexplicably defined the dominance of the white male throughout this time. Without knowing of the unfortunate white male dominance of the times, he would never be able to see past the fog of lies that is omnipresent throughout the entire novel. â€Å"The [Invisible Man looked] to find identity within the roles assigned to him by the white audience. His primary concern [was] how they [would] perceive his dual role as a participant and a speaker† (Jarenski 89). He longed for their approval, unconsciously knowing that with their approval and acceptance his ability to establish his identity would be facile. It was vital for the Invisible Man to learn this arduous lesson. He needed to be acquainted with the idea that the white man is all powerful and also all ambiguous. Unfortunately, at the end of the night, the superintendent presented the Invisible ManShow MoreRelatedInvisible Man by Ralph Ellison Essay1403 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Ralph Ellison’s novel, Invisible Man, the narrator is a young, African-American male who believes that he is invisible. Throughout the novel, he spends a great amount of time and effort trying to figure out his identity and find a way to make himself visible in society. One of the narrator’s main attempts brings him to join an organization known as the Brotherhood, where he is able to utilize his talent for public speaking as an advocate for the Brotherhood and allRead MoreUsing Psychoanalysis to Understand Human Behavior Essay4081 Words   |  17 PagesIn fact, the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan wrote, If psycho-analysis is to be constituted as the science of the unconscious, one must set out from the notion tha t the unconscious is structured like a language,(1) thus directly relating literature – the art of language - and psychoanalysis. Searching the database of the Modern Language Association for articles about the use of psychoanalysis for understanding Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man yields one article by Caffilene Allen, of Georgia State University

Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment - 548 Words

The â€Å"Age of Enlightenment† saw a revival of classical thought through the exploration of Greek simplicity, order, and harmony, and with the influential role of education. Bolstered by exponential advances in scientific discovery, the six principles of classicism likewise saw a revival in seventeenth and eighteenth century neoclassical art. Perhaps no other artist better epitomizes the neoclassical movement than French revolutionary Jacques-Louis David. David â€Å"eschewed the constraints of the Acadà ©mie† (Mahabir) in pursuit of his ideals, and â€Å"appropriated [those] of ancient Greece and Rome for [his] own era† (Sporre 424). Perhaps his most important painting, The Oath of the Horatii was created in accordance with classical principles. Forgoing rococo decadence, â€Å"David organizes the canvas with a geometric precision that recalls the innovation of the ancient Greeks and of the Italian Renaissance that harked back to the rationalism of antiquity † (â€Å"Davids Oath of the Horatii†). Elements in the piece are neatly arranged and ordered. The space is divided into three distinct parts. Strong geometrical shapes, rational space, a mainly subdued palette, and the lack of discernible brush strokes display order. The work is organized, with its austere simplicity and direct message presented in a methodical composition. With sculptural modeling and strong poses, the idealized figures are â€Å"solid, active, and full of presence† (Mahabir). The men, in particular, are youthful, virile, andShow MoreRelated Neoclassicism and the Enlightenment Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesNeoclassicism and the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a time of great innovation and evolution. One of the most significant movements which owes at least the majority of its beginnings to the Enlightenment is the architectural and artistic movement of Neoclassicism. This Neoclassicism of the mid eighteenth to mid nineteenth centuries is one that valued ancient Greek, Roman, and Etruscan artistic ideals. These ideals, including order, symmetry, and balance, were considered by manyRead MoreEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrefren, D Renaissance VS Neoclassicism How could two periods such as the Neoclassicism and the Renaissance be so successful and be focused on very different things? Neoclassicism and the Renaissance are two major periods in the history of art during which different forms of art including architecture, painting, music and visual arts, significantly advanced. It was during these periods, different artists became very famous as a result of the masterpieces reflecting how the ideologies and artisticRead MoreEssay on Neoclassical Art Period vs Romanticism Art Period1046 Words   |  5 Pages                Neoclassical Art Period The Neoclassical art period overlapped with the 18th century Age of Enlightenment and continued into the early 19th century. Neoclassicism left almost no feature of visual culture untouched. This was regardless of the realistic and hypothetical connections to the classical tradition of Western art. Neoclassicism was viewed as a revolutionary denial of the selfindulgence of the baroque. Neoclassicism’s formal stylistic characteristics hadRead MoreThe Neoclassical and Romantic Periods1114 Words   |  5 PagesThe Neoclassical and Romantic Periods Neoclassical Period The Neoclassical age was a time of strict laws of balance and restraint. The Enlightenment or the Age of Reason, are names given to the predominant intellectual movement of the eighteenth century. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement among the upper and middle class elites. It involved a new world view which explained the world and looked for answers in terms of reason rather than faith, and in terms of an optimistic, natural,Read MoreBaroque, Rococo, and Neoclassicism: Comparison and Contrast Essay768 Words   |  4 Pageswere also different in several important ways, and reflected changing social attitudes. Where Baroque was rooted in religion and promoted by the Catholic Church as a response to the Protestant Reformation, Rococo flourished during the â€Å"Age of Enlightenment†, a time where secularism reigned and attitudes towards morals loosened considerably. 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System Analysis of Headspace Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the System Analysis of Headspace. Answer: Non-Functional Requirement The non-functional requirement that Headspace can use in its cloud application system is FURPS+. The acronym of FURPS+ is functionality, usage, reliability, the system performance and the supportability. The + is to specify the constraints of the non functional requirements of cloud system of Headspace. The technique of FURPS+ is to make validation to all the requirements that are prioritized and also understands the necessities and needs of the client (Al-Rawashdeh, Alazzeh Al-Qatawneh, 2014). The non functional requirements helps to understand the different types of classification that are related to stress which is solved by the FURPS+ technique. The explanation of the FURPS+ technique is as follows: Functionality: The acronym of F in FURPS+ is Functionality. F defines the main feature of the product which is similar with the cloud solution that is to be developed in Headspace. The requirements of the functionality of FURPS+ are very much technical oriented (Awan, Malik Javed, 2015). The functional requirements that are mainly required include the functional requirement of licensing, mail, printing, security, workflow, system management, localization, printing and also auditing. Usability: U in FURPS+ is the acronym of Usability. This usability includes all the issues of user interface such as capturing, stating and looking at that are required. Usability ensures the technique of using the non functional requirements of cloud system properly in Headspace. Reliability: The aspect which includes accuracy, recoverability and availability are included in reliability. The reliability on recovery and computations are the factors of reliability that prevents the system from being shut down. Performance: The performance is the acronym of P in FURPS+ (Punia Kaur, 2014). The feature that are included in performance are the information throughput in the clod system, time take by the cloud system to response and the start up time of the system and also the recovery time that the cloud system needs. Supportability: The supportability is the S in the FURPS+. The supportability includes other requirements that are needed in the cloud system which includes adaptability, configurability, localizability, scalability, testability, installability and also maintainability. The FURPS+ has a + sign which indicates some of the specific constraints which includes interface, physical constraints, design and implementation constraints. Interface Constraints- The constraint of interference is the requirement that is required to interact with the entire external item (Ameller et al., 2013). When the interface of Headspace is developed, it is difficult to interact with all the external systems. Physical Constraints- The physical constraints of non functional requirements affects all the hardware that is required in the system of cloud. The shape, weight and size of the hardware are determined in physical constraints. Design Constraints- The design constraint of non functional requirement implements the design of the system (Penzenstadler et al., 2013). The required database that is required in the cloud system of Headspace is designed in the Design Constraints. Implementation Constraint- The limit that is given to the constriction and the coding which includes implementation language, standards and platforms are all determined in the Implementation Constraints. Difference between functional and non-functional requirements Functional Requirements Non Functional Requirements The requirements that are functional specify the doing of the service. The requirements for non functional denotes the property that the service must possess. All the actions that are carried out by the service so that the fundamental reasons that are required for existence are satisfied (Dick, J., Hull, E., Jackson, 2017). The properties of non functional specify the qualities and characteristics that are required to make the service usable, fast, reliable and also attractive. Fundamental activities such as manipulating data and computation are done. Fundamental activities such as manipulating data and computation are not required (Mijumbi et al., 2016). Functional requirements do not change the functionality of the service ignoring whatever properties are attached with them. Adding functionality to non functional requirement make the service easy to use, interactive and also secured. A specific behavior of a function in a system is described in a functional requirement when some of the conditions that are certain are met. The behavior of the system is elaborated in non functional requirement of Cloud system and also keeps a limit on the functionality of the system. The function requirements are included in a cloud system are: Authorization levels Transaction corrections, cancellation and adjustments Historical data Administrative functions Certification requirements Business Rules Regulatory and legal requirements External Interfaces Reporting requirements Authentication and Audit Tracking The function requirements are included in a cloud system are: o Capacity o Reliability o Scalability o Maintainability o Regulatory o Environmental o Interoperability o Usability o Manageability o Security o Performancethat includes throughput, response time, static volumetric and utilization o Availability o Serviceability o Data Integrity o Recoverability The example of Functional requirement is sending an email when a new customer signs up an account or opens a new account. The characteristics and attributes of system quality are specified such as all users who are accessing the database are to have a modified updated data. Table 1: Showing Difference of Functional and Non-Functional Requirements Review of Cloud Based The advantages of Cloud Based Storage are as follows: Usability: The services of cloud storage are reviewed in usability in the desktop folders that uses PCs and MACs (Abolfazli et al., 2014). This helps the users to drop and drag the files in between local storage and cloud storage. Bandwidth: The emails files that are sent to individuals are avoided and web link are sent to all recipients via email. Accessibility: The files that are stored can be accessed via Internet from anywhere the user wants. The files are accessed easily by the users. Disaster Recovery: The service of cloud has a high backup plan in case if some emergency occurs. Backup plan for any business can use the cloud storage to keep a second copy of a data or information that is important. The files that are backup in the cloud can be accessed by the user from anywhere via internet connection. Cost Saving: Organizations and businesses use operational costs that are needed annually by using the cloud storage. The cost of storing data internally in cloud is almost 3 cents per GB. The additional cost saving can be found in using cloud because internal power is not needed to remotely store the information. Disadvantages of Cloud Storage are: Usability: Users have to be careful in using the drop and drag feature of cloud for moving the document in folder of cloud storage (Rahimi et al., 2014). Copy and paste is not allowed in this process. The users have to be careful to use drag and drop feature. Bandwidth: Specific bandwidths are allowed by specific cloud services. The users of the cloud services have to be careful in using the amount of bandwidth. If the users exceed the amount of bandwidth that is allowed to tem, then extra charge is taken from them for the extra amount that is used. Accessibility: The cloud storage cannot be accessed without the internet connection. If there is no internet, the user will not be able to get access to the files. Data Security: The safety and privacy of the data are to be maintained by cloud storage. This proves the main disadvantage for the cloud system storage. The data privacy can be hampered in the cloud storage service. This makes the business more uneasy and unsafe. Software: The software that is used to access the data have to be installed on all the devices that uses the cloud service, otherwise the files are not accessible. The data are to be kept secured by using a cloud service in the Headspace. The following aspects are to be kept in mind to give a security to all the data that is stored in the cloud storage. First of all the security agreement that s given by the cloud are to be read properly by the user. The users have to be sure what agreement the provider of cloud is giving to the user. The user agreement are to be made clear so that their does not come any data related threat to the data that are stored in the cloud (Wei et al., 2014). The documents that are stored usually faces data security which hampers the privacy if the user. Secondly the passwords that are created in for the security of the applications are to be very securely done. The passwords are to be strong enough so that any data breach does not take place the technologies that are used by the cyber attacker takes very less time to break the passwords that are used in application in cloud storage. The cloud storages are very much pr one to data breach. Hackers find it easy to hack the applications that are connected to cloud. The passwords for the emails and other needed applications are to be made double secured. Lastly, a cloud service that is securely encrypted is to be used. To protect the data breach and secure the data, encryption process is the most important method that is used. Different cloud services have different encryption process. It is recommended to use cloud services like Wuala or Spideroak so that the data is kept secured in Headspace. SDLC Approach Advantages of Predictive Model Disadvantages of Predictive Model This model is very easy and simple to understand and implement. It is very difficult to go back to the previous stages once it reaches to the testing stage. Management of this model is very easy because of the rigidity of the model (Kazim, 2017). All the phases have particular review process and deliverables. This model proves a disadvantages to the projects that are object oriented process and are complex All the processes and phases are completed at the same time. Overlapping of phases does not occur. This model have high amount of uncertainty and risk (Modi, H. S., Singh, N. K., Chauhan, 2017). Works well with smaller projects where there is clear understand of the requirement. This model does not work well with the big project that runs long. Table 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Predictive Model Advantages of Adaptive Model Disadvantages of Adaptive Model In the life cycle of this adaptive model, some functions that are needed can be developed early. Requires many resources. The results of this method can be determined early and in a periodic way (Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Ghilic-Micu, 2013). More management attention is required. The development of the project can be planned parallel. Design issues arise as it deals with big projects. Measurement of progress can be checked. Suitable for bigger projects (Kanan, M., Weheba, G., Assaf, 2017). If change of requirements is needed, then cost less. Time taking method as it works with big projects. Debugging and testing is very easy. Complete systems have to be defined for defining the increments. Table 2: Advantages and Disadvantages of Adaptive Model The best model that Headspace can use is the Adaptive model because it works best with bigger projects. As storing data in cloud service is a bigger process, adaptive method is the best model. The results of adaptive method can be determined early and in a periodic way. It leads to less the risk to data breach. References Abolfazli, S., Sanaei, Z., Ahmed, E., Gani, A., Buyya, R. (2014). Cloud-based augmentation for mobile devices: motivation, taxonomies, and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), 337-368. Al-Rawashdeh, T. A., Alazzeh, F. M., Al-Qatawneh, S. M. (2014). Evaluation of ERP systems quality model using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique.Journal of Software Engineering and Applications,7(04), 225. Ameller, D., Ayala, C., Cabot, J., Franch, X. (2013). Non-functional requirements in architectural decision making.IEEE software,30(2), 61-67. Awan, S., Malik, F., Javed, A. (2015). An Efficient and Objective Generalized Comparison technique for Software Quality Models.International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science,7(12), 57. Dick, J., Hull, E., Jackson, K. (2017).Requirements engineering. Springer. Kanan, M., Weheba, G., Assaf, R. (2017). Economic Advantages of Utilizing the Integrated Quality Software Development Model.Ind Eng Manage,6(210), 2169-0316. Kazim, A. (2017). A Study of Software Development Life Cycle Process Models.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science,8(1). Mijumbi, R., Serrat, J., Gorricho, J. L., Bouten, N., De Turck, F., Boutaba, R. (2016). Network function virtualization: State-of-the-art and research challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,18(1), 236-262. Modi, H. S., Singh, N. K., Chauhan, H. P. (2017). Comprehensive Analysis of Software Development Life Cycle Models. Penzenstadler, B., Raturi, A., Richardson, D., Tomlinson, B. (2014). Safety, security, now sustainability: The nonfunctional requirement for the 21st century.IEEE software,31(3), 40-47. Punia, M., Kaur, A. (2014). Software Maintainability Prediction Using Soft Computing Techniques. Rahimi, M. R., Ren, J., Liu, C. H., Vasilakos, A. V., Venkatasubramanian, N. (2014). Mobile cloud computing: A survey, state of art and future directions.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), 133-143. Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Ghilic-Micu, B. (2013). Software development: Agile vs. traditional.Informatica Economica,17(4), 64. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386.