Alternative fuel technologies Free Essays

Oil and oil based commodities have been backbone of world’s monetary and mechanical headway since recent years. The instrument driving the whole transportation framework from vehicles, planes, railroads, boats to space rockets depends on use of vitality of oil. Oil based commodities are additionally widely utilized in various framework ventures that structure the center of mechanical procedures and premise of presence of current world. We will compose a custom paper test on Elective fuel innovations or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Be that as it may, the oil assets of world are constrained and they can't interminably satisfy human needs. Different evaluations have put the complete extractable oil stock to exist for another 50-75 years if world keeps on devouring them at present rate. After that the expense of extraction of outstanding oil based goods would turn out to be considerably more than the advantages acquired them and world would require new assets of vitality to exist. These worries have just generated extraordinary examination in elective advances to meet the future vitality needs notwithstanding an approaching oil emergency. The lack of oil would be increasingly show in coming occasions as oil requests are developing around the world, particularly in China and India with quickly growing economy, transportation framework and therefore prerequisite of oil. Indeed, even at present utilization rate there are grave vulnerabilities on the safe possibilities of future supplies inside next 50 years time span, and the increasing utilization rates takes steps to bring the moving toward emergency closer. US is in this way confronted with an extraordinary duty to make sure about its future advantages without giving up its current prerequisites and necessities. This issue frames the subject of the following area. Elective fuel advances Past decade has seen incredible pushed on mechanical explores in elective fills. Different new methods and models have just been acquainted in the market with test their reasonability and ability to effectively supplant oil as boss wellspring of vitality. The greater part of these developments are explicitly focused on transportation segment inferable from its obligation as boss shopper of oil and as guideline reason for taking off oil imports. Because of particular prerequisites of various segments in transportation, the advances differ. Traveler vehicles, open vehicle vehicles and cargo transportation convey explicit necessities that are hard to be met by a solitary elective fuel innovation (Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006). A portion of the major and generally well known of these advancements, where lion's share of innovative work has occurred, are (Aldrich, 1996) 1. Half breed Vehicle: As the name proposes, crossover vehicles join double advancements for their activity. Actually they are crossover electric vehicle with an electric engine that drives the vehicle (Hoogma, Kemp, Schot and Truffer, 2002, 41 ). 2. Bio-diesels: Bio-diesel: Bio-diesel, as the term recommends, is a sort of sustainable fuel got by rural items and utilized as fuel in rock solid vehicles. The significant sources presently under exploration for bio-diesel are soybean, rapeseed, corn, cottonseed, nut, sunflower, and canola (Aldrich, 1996, 85). 3. Ethanol: Ethanol has risen as a fruitful option in contrast to non-renewable energy sources in Brazil where in excess of 4 million vehicles on ethanol based fuel and it is finding expanding application on the planet also 4. Hydrogen: : There are incredible interests in utilizing hydrogen as fuel in transport industry because of the extraordinary adaptability of alternatives and execution it offers. Hydrogen can either be utilized as fuel instead of gas in inside ignition motor or it very well may be utilized as vitality bearer in power devices, the last being the significant examination zone in vehicle segment (Aldrich, 1996, 87). Sunlight based vitality: : Solar force has turned as a trustworthy wellspring of vitality in zones other than transport. All the underlying expenses are high in keeping up a sunlight based vitality power plant, its been demonstrated that with progressively modern innovation and more extensive application the expense of establishment just as age of power can get similar to ordinary force plants. Mass Transport System Aside from acquainting elective fuel and advances with supplant and limit petroleum product utilization, another zone where fuel utilization can be effortlessly decreased is making an increasingly powerful and utilitarian open vehicle and mass travel framework. It is financially savvy and tedious to update the current open vehicle framework, particularly in significant urban communities, to chop down fuel utilization by lessening number of vehicles out and about. Socio-social effect When non-renewable energy sources were found around 150 years back, the current advances of steam motors couldn't use them. Nonetheless, soon totally new advancements were created even with these new vitality sources and they were utilized to exploit the vitality substance and productivity of petroleum derivatives. Before long oil energizes upset the manner in which the world moved and worked. The previous 100 years of utilization has completely drained non-inexhaustible oil stores and gauges give another 50 additional years prior to the staying accessible sources would get nearly depleted. This reality is for sure a reason for concern, yet just whenever saw from existing innovative edge. Declining oil assets offer the sign that its chance to make progress towards various vitality sources. Nations that would neglect to peruse this sign or ignore it are unquestionably setting out toward a significant emergency. However, luckily the world has the ability to peruse these signs and create solid middle innovations and frameworks, for example, cross breed electric vehicle, ethanol and open travel frameworks that would extensively diminish non-renewable energy source utilization without adding to foundation cost in this manner broadening the existence time of oil stores. In the mean time exploration can happen on new age advancements, for example, power device and sun based photovoltaic cells to finish supplant petroleum derivatives as a wellspring of vitality. It is conceivable that if government and industry organization fortunate strategy measures, there would be a large group of elective advancements in transportation part when oil would get depleted. _ Reference Bob Aldrich.. ABCs of AFVs: a manual for elective fuel vehicles. California Energy Commission, Sacramento-CA. April 1996. first Feb 2007 http://www. p2pays. organization/ref/26/25156. pdf Hoogma Recmo, Rene Kemp, John Schot, Bernhard Truffer. Testing for Sustainable Transport: The Approach of Strategic Niche Management. : Spon Press: New York: 2002. 3 Deutch J, Schlesinger J. R, Victor D. G. 2006. Outcome of U. S Oil Dependency: Report of an Independent Task Force. 30th Jan. 2007 http://www. cfr. organization/content/distributions/connections/EnergyTFR. pdf Instructions to refer to Alternative fuel advancements, Papers Elective fuel advances Free Essays string(86) prerequisites of various areas in transportation, there are different technologies. Since its disclosure 150 years prior, oil has become life saver of the world. The whole structure of the cutting edge motorized world, comprising from transportation framework, vehicles, planes, railroads, boats to space rockets today works principally on the vitality got from the non-renewable energy sources/oil oils. Aside from being backbone of the transportation division, oil based goods have likewise discovered wide application in an enormous scope of center framework businesses that are fundamental for endurance of mechanical procedures and premise of presence of present day world. We will compose a custom article test on Elective fuel advances or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This reliance on selective utilization of oil assets of world has become reason for genuine worry among strategy organizers. Oil assets are constrained and they have can't be persistently abused to fulfill human need. As per varoius studies and gauges, the absolute oil load of world t is relied upon to keep going for another 50-75 years if world keeps on expending them at present rate. After that the expense of extraction of outstanding oil based commodities would rise significantly. It would turn out to be exorbitant to such an extent that advantages acquired from oil would be lower than use caused on them. Accordingly world may require another assets of vitality to exist. These feelings of trepidation and concerns have just created extreme exploration in elective innovations to meet the future vitality needs notwithstanding an overhanging oil emergency. The huge piece of the oil utilization happens in the transportation part, which represents the 69 percent of the all out oil utilization in the only us (Basic Petroleum Statistics, 2007). Generally speaking there are five significant parts representing oil utilization. These areas, alongside their utilization share in year 2005 are (Petroleum-EIA, 2006) 1. Local/Household: Consumption in 2005 was 869 thousand barrels of oil for every day 2. Business: 386 thousand barrels of oil for each day 3. Mechanical: 5061 thousand barrels of oil for each day 4. Electric Power creation: 545 thousand barrels of oil for every day 5. Transportation: 13, 825 thousand barrels of oil for each day. The utilization design in the transportation division shows that utilization is most noteworthy for engine fuel. Normal every day utilization of engine gas in U. S, as per Petroleum information (EIA, 2005) is 8933 thousand barrels for every day. Distillate fuel oil is the second most expended oil based commodity with day by day utilization at 2817 thousand barrels. These figures show that U. S would be subject to oil imports for present and future on the off chance that it carries on the current pace of utilization. U. S has an armada of 210 millions vehicle that rely altogether on engine gas for their working that makes it exceptionally hard to decrease oil consumptio

Ikea’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Essay

IKEA is a Swedish organization delivering home outfitting items at low costs. The organization was established in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and continued developing hugely from 2 stores in 1964 to 114 stores in 1994. It’s exceptionally valuable to make reference to the ikea’s vision that says â€Å"Creating a superior life for the numerous people† for understanding the profound philosophy of sparing expense among all the divisions of IKEA, everything that IKEA does has the point of decreasing cost to the client. Other than its examples of overcoming adversity, the organization has confronted ecological and social issues. The ecological issue of Formaldehyde was unraveled however deals dropped by 20% in Denmark. In 1992, the organization got a similar issue, which cost IKEA around $7 million. IKEA took in an exercise; exposure can get a major misfortune deals, not considering the harm to the brand picture. In the spring of 1995, another film is take steps to be appeared on German TV about youngsters working at looms at Rangan Exports, an Indian organization utilized by IKEA, and the maker at that point welcomed IKEA to send somebody to participate in a live conversation during the program. These occasions asked the organization to consider ecological and social issues all the more truly. It is critical to center to the drawn out agreement that IKEA sets up with its providers, in truth they advance â€Å"to grow long haul business partners†, and they additionally state â€Å"†¦ We are in this for the long run† consistently with the point of lessening cost and making a loyal relationship. On the procedure of globalization, IKEA needs to get the least expensive providers and along these lines goes to nations that offer modest work. When IKEA set its providers in these nations, it couldn't maintain a strategic distance from these issues. The way that IKEA doesn't have its own assembling offices; rather it utilizes subcontracted makers everywhere throughout the world for provisions makes it increasingly mind boggling and hard to monitor the company’s providers and subsuppliers (just about 2300 providers in 70 nations and a scope of 11200 items). It is significantly progressively hard to monitor kids working in homes where entire families took a shot at looms from the subsuppliers’ level. The best procedure is to dodge social and natural issues directly from the earliest starting point as when these issues rise, they quickly influence the products’ deals enormously. To evade this danger of misfortune in benefit, IKEA may consider pulling back from India. Be that as it may, if IKEA pulls back from India advertise, it will lose a major chance of modest work and put the organization at burden position as different contenders getting to similar chances to vie for lower item costs. IKEA along these lines ought not search for another business opportunity by leaving India however stay aware of the pattern and stretch out beyond the issue and its opponents. A few people may contend that if the organization is effectively associated with the issue, it might have a drop in benefit contrasted with its rivals. The danger might be valid in the present moment additionally as a result of the statement of wiping out of the agreement. In any case, IKEA can transform the danger into a major open door in the long haul by effectively including and publicizing its accomplishment whit the site and show promoting in the stores to let clients welcome the exertion ,as done before with the woodland issue. The severe association with all providers doesn’t grant IKEA to surrender one of his provider when issues happen, the flexibly system will be frightened from the conduct of the organization when an assistance is required; in actuality IKEA says that â€Å"We don't accepting from our providers. We purchase unused creation capacity† along these lines we can see that the providers depends from IKEA. To go or not to go to the show? In the event that the show guarantee IKEA the chance of talking openly and to safeguard itself, so to have the option to talk and give further clarification of the issue, they ought to go; if the show doesn’t guarantee any opportunity of talking and the show will be just a â€Å"public pillory†, IKEA ought not proceed to do a public interview the following day, where it will clarify profoundly the official statement and all the goal of IKEA for what's to come. For this unpredictable circumstance, it is suggested that IKEA should join the program. The organization had picked up effectively some positive accomplishments to the youngster work issue since the issue was first raised by Swedish TV. IKEA could talk about the data it had gathered so distant from UNICEF, Swedish Save the Children and the ILO and show it had a similar disposition as the executive of the narrative film just as arriving at similar objectives of erasing kid work. It could demonstrate its thankfulness to the chief for helping spot the youngster work at the company’s maker and accentuating that the organization will break down the case all the more profoundly. IKEA perhaps makes reference to its soul of not staying away from errors to look for inventive arrangements. In addition with a deliberately thought about arrangement, taking part in the TV program would help spare the brand and picture. After the TV program, IKEA needs to think of an answer for the case and the drawn out technique to manage youngster work issue, and conceding that the statement of the agreement was excessively exacting, and it is smarter to set up an arrangement (3-5 years) for the future with those nations. Barner should make an outing to Rangan Exports and explore the case altogether and connect with the truth of the realities. All the youngsters working there ought to be gathered and offered training openings (Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship of the organization). The organization needs to make its own kids spending plan to help youngsters discovered working. By along these lines, IKEA could proceed with its relationship with its providers (the vast majority of them are in creating nations), requiring the collaboration from providers to permit IKEA’s proficient irregular assessment. Working with Rugmark is another acceptable choice if IKEA can ensure the kid work issue is leveled out. Since IKEA doesn't have its own makers and gets its provisions from different providers, it is trying for IKEA’s capacity to oversee and control the entire creation process. Except if IKEA can be certain that there’s no youngster work in the organization, it is urged to permit Rugmark to screen the utilization of kid work for IKEA’s sake. In the event that IKEA follows the means clarified above, it will improve its degree of social obligation and manageability. The organization could propel itself to the much more elevated level, an intuitive level, by executing progressively confident and exact plans. The intelligent level guarantees a drawn out favorable position in brand picture and benefit as done before with the â€Å"going green† program. As youngster work is considered â€Å"Indian culture†, it requires a great deal of time, vitality and money to gain ground. The organization needs to work firmly with UNICEF, NGOs, and Save the Children Alliance to gain from one another. In India, due to financial activities, families send youngsters to work. In this manner, to help improve the circumstance, IKEA need to support a spending plan in the need of instruction for those families. In addition, the organization should campaign to constrain the administration to get included all the more effectively all the while. Over the long haul, family salary boosting plans should be actualized to acquire a superior standard living for Indian families as destitution is the base of the issue.

7 Tips and Tricks for Finding Job Openings

7 Tips and Tricks for Finding Job Openings Many people say that the hardest part about getting a job is having to undergo the often stressful recruitment process, where the applicant has to undergo a battery of tests and interviews to evaluate their suitability for the job they are applying for.In the real world, however, that is not the only hurdle that must be faced by jobseekers. In fact, the struggle starts earlier than that, when job seekers are looking for jobs. © Shutterstock.com | steigeleIn this guide, we explore the difficulties involved in a job search and the 8 most important tips for finding more relevant jobs.DIFFICULTIES INVOLVED IN A JOB SEARCHIf searching for a job is easy, then everyone would be gainfully employed, and everyone would be content and happy with their current jobs. Sadly, that is not the case and, every year, the unemployment and underemployment rates serve as proof of that reality.Career development experts and advisors have identified several reasons why jobseekers are having an unsuccessful run when it comes to searching for job openings. Most of these reasons, it appears, have less to do with the actual existence of job openings and more to do with the approach of the jobseeker in finding them.There is no tried and tested method on how you can be the first to know about the latest or most recent job openings. The primary rule, however, is to keep your eyes and ears peeled for any morsel â€" no matter how small â€" of information that may come your way. Here are some more tips and tricks that you can use in looking for, and finding, job openings.THE MOST HELPFUL TIPS ON FINDING RELEVANT JOBSTip #1: You have to look in the right places.You may have devoted a substantial chunk of your time looking for job openings, but are you sure that you are looking in the right places? You may not realize it, but you are probably wasting most, if not all, of your time looking in places where you will never have hope of finding even a single job opening.Newspapers and publicationsThe first and most obvious place that jobseekers go to when looking for a job are the job ads published in the Classified Ads sections of newspapers and magazines. There are even magazines and publications that are solely devoted to job postings and other classifieds. Check the local paper, or even the newspapers of national circulation if you are willing to look for work that will require you to relocate clear across the country .Did you know that newspapers, especially the large-circulation ones, also have their own websites? This means that any news item that may not make it in the published hard copies may be uploaded on their news site instead. You can also check out their websites for job classifieds that they may have skipped over in their published issues. And this brings us to the next place to look for job openings in….Online job boards and career websitesAlthough newspaper ads for job postings are still used today, more and more people are using online job sites and job boards on the internet to look for openings. There are the traditional job boards, or those online job sites that have started the trend (like CareerBuilder and Monster.com), and there are also the specialty job boards, which are essentially niche job boards that are tailored to serve specific industries or groups.There are several large and established career websites today that provide this service.General job sites, which carr y job postings across industries and fields. Examples are:CareerBuilder â€" Find employers, or let them find you. That’s what CareerBuilder offers. Jobseekers can add their resume in the database, and the system will move things along by providing job recommendations.Indeed â€" Indeed works just like Google, with a search engine that will be used by jobseekers to look for job openings. It aggregates information across company listings and job boards, so a single search can get more results. The filter feature allows jobseekers to narrow down their search, depending on preferred criteria.SimplyHired â€" Another search engine-like job site, SimplyHired features integration with LinkedIn, allowing jobseekers to display their LinkedIn connections to each job. Jobseekers can search by job title, location, and even salary estimates.Industry-specific job sites. These niche job sites focus on specific industries or areas of specialization. Some examples are:FinancialJobBank, which special izes in accounting and finance jobsAuthentic Jobs, which specializes in jobs for design, tech and web professionalsHealthcareJobsite, which specializes in careers in the medical and healthcare fieldMediabistro, which specializes in postings for media professionalsGeographic-specific job sites, or sites that carry postings specific to a certain city, region or country.Part-time and freelance job sites, such as:Snagajob, which contains job postings for work or jobs performed and paid on an hourly basisFreelancer, which contains postings for various freelance and remote jobsWhat many jobseekers fail to realize is that advertised job openings are not the only job leads that they can find and take advantage of. In fact, there are just as many job openings that are not officially advertised.[slideshare id=26382265doc=howtofindyourdreamjob-130920081208-phpapp01w=710h=400]Networking and referralsJobseekers avoid networking for their job search mainly because of the feeling that they are usi ng other people. In this context, they are using other people in order to learn about job leads. What they fail to realize is that networking is a give-and-take relationship, where all members of the network benefit from each other.Networking is, first and foremost, about establishing relationships and, through these relationships, network members may mutually benefit from shared ideas and advice. It is often referred to as “making connections”, and that would not be wrong although, admittedly, it has acquired a negative connotation of late. When done properly, however, networking is one of the best tools for one to advance their careers.Companies that opt out of advertising job postings may prefer getting their current employees to actively join in the search for new employees. To encourage employee participation, they will offer incentives to those who are able to refer a candidate that matches the job. This is why it is a good idea to include in your network employees of the companies that you are eyeing to join. Once they are made aware of a vacancy or open position in their company, you are likely to be one of the first to know about it.Many people have found their jobs through word-of-mouth or getting referrals, and these referrals are results of successful networking. If you play your cards right, and you devote just the right amount of time and effort into it, you may also find job openings through your network.Never forget that networking requires personal interaction. You have to put yourself out there and let it be known that you are available, and are looking, for a job. If you remain in your comfort zone, never stepping out of your house, then do not expect to be able to find job opening any time soon.Networking is a lot of work, and networks take time to become solid or stable. You also have to make sure that you nurture these relationships, even when you think you will not benefit from them in the near or immediate future. Touch base with th em from time to time, and always remind them that, hey, you exist.Job fairsFrom time to time, job fairs are conducted by organizations and even government agencies. This is where companies and employers converge in one place to conduct screening and hiring activities for open positions in their organizations. Jobseekers go to these job fairs, armed with their resumes, to look for job openings that match their skills and qualifications.If you are going to attend a job fair to look for job openings, make sure that you are already prepared. You should have identified the employers that will attend the job fair, so you won’t have a hard time going around the venue, looking for which company to check out and submit your resume to.This will cut down a lot on time, and won’t tire you out needlessly. That way, you will be in your best form when you sit down for an interview with the representative sent by the hiring company.Professional or trade organizationsEvents that are organized by professional and trade organizations are ideal places to network. Here, you can meet people that can give you advice and information on possible job openings. However, networking is not the only thing you can do.Check the professional or trade organization that your career field belongs to. With this, you will find out if they have job posting programs, or even resume exchange programs. Companies also often prefer to publish their job openings in collaboration with these professional or trade organizations, especially if they belong in the same industry or field.There are also several professional organizations that maintain their own job boards and job sites, but they limit membership and access to members. Make sure that you enroll for membership in these organizations so you can get the benefits of being one, including access to their job board.Company websitesIt is also a great idea to go directly to the website of each company or corporations and check out its career, jobs, or human resources pages. Companies that have their own websites often bypass the traditional method of posting job ads in publications and job boards because they already have their own space to put their job postings in.The great thing about finding job postings in company websites is that jobseekers will be given a lot of information on the job and the company, which will then aid them when they are preparing their resume to tailor it to the company. Alternatively, you can look up thousands of companies here on Cleverism.Colleges, universities and alumni officesCompanies that want to recruit talented people often provide job postings in colleges, universities and alumni offices, which make them good places to look for job openings. These are also good places to network, since the people at alumni offices may know about certain job openings that you will be qualified for.Some college students, even before graduating, start looking for job opportunities in the employment or alumni of fices of their universities. After graduating, they still turn to this source for job possibilities, knowing that they will have better chances of connecting with employers and companies looking for specialized people to occupy positions in their organization. Luckily, many colleges and universities now offer career service assistance to their alumni, and this often includes providing listings of job vacancies.Alumni associations are also excellent networks. People who went to the same school have a natural inclination to favor or think about other people from the same institution, so when they catch wind of job openings, they know who to contact first. By becoming active in your alumni organization, you will definitely be able to strengthen this connection.Head hunters and recruitment agenciesRecruiters and headhunters are service providers that jobseekers go to when they are having difficulty finding job openings. Many companies and firms go to recruiters and headhunters to do the recruitment process for them.They are paid to look for people who match the job description of the open positions in their company. By getting yourself noticed by these headhunters or recruiters, you have a greater chance of being the first on their list when trying to match candidates to open positions.When picking a recruiter or head hunter, you have to do your research. Choose someone who is connected or, or affiliated with reputable companies, especially those companies that you are eyeing as your future employer. Cold callingIf you can’t find any information on the job listings, why not directly ask for them? Cold calling, or directly contacting companies, recruiters and employers to inquire about any upcoming or anticipated job openings or vacancies is still seen as a good way to find job possibilities.This method is actually not a bad idea at all, since you may also ask further questions and clarifications about the job, getting details that may help you when you will prep are your resume to apply for that position.If you use this method, do not expect everything to be all rosy and positive. Some companies may not take too kindly on anyone asking them directly, so reception may not be as warm as you’d want or expect.Temping or internshipsHave you ever wondered why many people opt to work for a company as a temp or an intern, getting very little to no pay? That is most likely because they want to be in the loop once a position opens. Similarly, by doing volunteer work in organizations, you are also opening yourself up to possibilities of working in that field in the future.For example, an applicant with a nursing background may choose to provide volunteer work in several healthcare facilities. At the same time, he will be keeping an eye and ear out for any job opening in these facilities.Walking aroundAnd I mean this in the most literal sense. Be prepared to hit the pavement. Spend time walking around the city, visiting business and commercial areas, personally dropping by the offices of the companies you want to work for. You may find job postings in their bulletin boards that they do not bother posting online, or advertising in the dailies.An advantage of this method is that you are able to gather firsthand information about the job opening once you spot it. You are already in the area, you might as well ask about it. Once you go home, you can focus on writing a resume that will target that job opening that you just saw.Tip #2: Devote a lot of time on your job-hunt.If possible, we suggest you make it a full-time endeavor. Jobseekers often complain about being unable to find jobs, even if they have been at it for months already. Then, when they look back to reassess how much time and effort they devoted to their job-hunting activities, it turns out that they are performed intermittently, or only when they have “free time”.This may not be too much of an issue with unemployed individuals, or those who are in between jobs. Th ey have a lot of time on their hands, and they can search for jobs on a full-time basis, as if it is already their job to do so.Quintessential Careers founder Dr. Randall S. Hansen suggested that you should put as much time as you can into the job hunt. If you are a student, or are already working but still want to look for a better job, it is a given that your time for job-searching will be limited.That’s all right. You may not be able to do a job-hunt full-time, but you have to make sure that you devote a lot of your free time to it. In fact, if you can, any time that you are not preoccupied by school work or your current job should be allotted for your job-hunting activities.Tip #3: Avoid the blanket or scattershot approach in searching for a job.Are you one of those people who apply to as many jobs and as many employers as they can, sending their resumes to multiple recipients and crossing your fingers that any one of them will call you back for an interview? Do you prefer sen ding a “blanket mail shot” to multiple companies?This scattershot or blanket approach may work for some, but if you look at it closely, you may end up wasting your time, energy and resources. Say, for example, that you applied for multiple open positions in a single company, when you are not even qualified for any one of them. This approach of blindly applying anywhere will only tire you out and frustrate you even more, especially when none of them gets back at you.You have to have a specific strategy in place, and the best strategy in a job search is to find one that is a close match with your skills and qualifications. At least, in this instance, you will have an actual chance of being considered for an interview down the line, as opposed to applying to any random position as long as it is open.Tip #4: Use online and other tools to find hidden postings.Some job postings are not laid out in black and white for all and sundry to see. In many instances, the jobseeker has to dig d eeper and look beneath the surface for these hidden postings. Fortunately, there are some tools and methods that may be employed in order to find such postings.An example is the use of advanced search operators. These search operators provide results that are more targeted than a simple keyword search on Google will give you.Using Google Alerts is also one way of getting notified about job opportunities. Tweak your settings so that you will receive regular email notifications about events and other significant news about employment opportunities in your area or industry.Of late, apps have become very helpful in practically anything and everything and, yes, they have also become very useful in aiding job searches. Here are some of the best job search apps out there:SWITCH â€" One good thing about this app is how it connects employers and jobseekers in minutes, seconds even! Jobseekers will only have to go through the list of jobs, swiping on the ones they like, and wait for the app t o match them. Once they are matched, they can connect with the hiring managers instantly, thanks to the online chat feature of the app.JobR â€" This mobile job search app gives jobseekers access to mobile listings of job openings. They choose the openings they are interested in, and send in their Resume, and the app will connect them with the hiring manager or employer.Watch this interesting talk by Laura. Tip #5:  Utilize “Advanced” search to its fullest.You see a search bar, you type in a phrase describing the job you are looking for, and click “Search”. The page refreshes to let you know that there are no results or matches found.Then you give up, and do another search.Wait, you’re not looking hard enough. Maybe there is an “Advanced Search” facility in there somewhere. Do you see it? You do? Then use it.Conducting advanced job searches may get you the results that a surface search cannot. In these advanced job searches, you may be asked for more job search criteria , including fields such as keywords, locations, job family or industry, nature of the job (part-time or full-time), and even the time of posting. By using these advanced search criteria, you might find job openings that you have missed the first time around.Tip #6: Make social media work for you.Social media platforms have grown in recent years. Primarily developed to connect people through the internet, they now serve many uses, and that includes being an avenue for locating job postings.Many companies now include job postings and other recruitment-related activities in their social media account, and many jobseekers are doing the same, conducting their active job hunt through their own social media pages. Some of the most commonly used social media platforms for job hunts are LinkedIn, Twitter and Facebook.The social network LinkedIn is exclusively devoted to matters on career development, which is why this is a good place to find news about employment opportunities. Create a Link edIn account today, and maintain it by updating your profile with your skills, qualifications and contact information. Think of this as an online resume, where you will also get to have potential employers find you.In Twitter, for example, if you already have an account, you can get started by using the Follow button to follow people in your field or industry, and in the organizations that you would like to work for. These people are likely to tweet about job openings in their organizations once they come up, and following them ensures that you will be one of those people who will find out about it the moment they make the announcement.It is the same thing in Facebook. Companies and their employees have their own pages that you can follow, so that any posts or updates they make will appear on your timeline. You will receive a notification about any announcement they make regarding job openings.Hashtags are also becoming more useful in job searches. Some of the most popular hashtags that you can utilize in social media platforms (and in the worldwide web, in general) that can help you find job openings are #Hiring, #NowHiring, #Jobs, #JopOpening, and #JobPosting, among others. They may even be industry-specific, such as #ITJobs, #Marketing, and #Freelance.But it doesn’t stop there. Just because you followed all the right people does not mean that the opportunities will immediately present themselves. You also have to be active. Share or retweet any advice, words of wisdom, quotes, news and other information that are relevant to the industry you are in, or the industry you want to be in.Make some friends. Let them get to know you better. This way, when they have insider info on job openings, you will be one of the first that will come to their mind. They may even make personalized tweets or messages to you about the job openings.Tip #7: Do not rely entirely on one method; mix them up.Jobseekers think that they have done all they could once they have submitted or uploaded their resumes on the job boards or career website, and now all they have to do is wait for employers to find their resumes and call them up.Just posting your resume on a number of job boards does not mean that the employers will be falling all over themselves to contact you. Besides, it is you, the jobseeker, who will go to them, and not the other way around. (It may be a different story if the candidate has such excellent and topnotch credentials companies will be racing to get to him first)Mix up your job search methods. Post your resume on online job boards. Browse through company websites and email them your resume. Continue networking with other key people in the industry you want to belong to.Consider how companies do not use only one method of announcing job openings in their ranks. Aside from making a job posting in the company website, it may also pay the local newspaper to run their job ad for five straight days or even weeks. It may also encourage its current employees to refer individuals they deem would be a great fit to the position. They are mixing things up in their employee search, so you should also do the same.Tip #8: Learn the art of “follow-up”.Many applicants fail to follow up with the employer after they have submitted their application letter and resume. They assume that, after a couple of weeks of silence, they did not make the cut, and they should simply move on and apply somewhere else.Newsflash: this may be a test. Some companies may give you points for following up with them within a designated period from submission of your application. Failing to do so may signify that you are not really interested in the job opening.One reason why many jobseekers do not follow up is because they are afraid it may make them appear too eager or, worse, aggressive. It is all in the delivery. Conducting the follow up in a professional manner will help in avoiding the employer from having that impression of you.

The Industrial Revolution Impacted Women - 923 Words

In my thesis, I contend that the Industrial Revolution impacted women because women in the working and poor classes were a key labor force in mills and factories, they supported their role as the backbone of the household economy by completing housework in the middle class, and finally the Industrial Revolution made an impact on the contributions of ideas made by women. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution affected women in the working and poor classes by allowing them to work in factories and mills. Before this time, women in the working class were primarily working unpaid jobs such as cooking and cleaning around the house for the family, but the industrial revolution gave women the chance to be paid and work outside of their homes (Frader, â€Å"Effects of the Industrial Revolution†, BCP). Most women obtained jobs in the textile industry. According to Dr. Christopher Wells, a professor of U.S cultural history at Macalester University, explained that ,â€Å"The town of Lowell , MA, for example, was incorporated in 1826 and soon hosted over 30 different mills.† (Wells, â€Å"Industrializing Women†, Teaching History). In the Lowell Mills, women expected to work at least thirteen hour days of constant and tiring labor in which women accounted for three-fourths of the workers in the mill. (Wells, â€Å"Industrializing Women†, Teaching History). Women factory workers typically made around $3.00 to $3.50 per week which was much greater than most women could earn in their hometowns (Dublin, â€Å"Women andShow MoreRelatedEffects of the Industrial Revolution727 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, lasting between the 18th and 19th century, profoundly affected the people of Europe, North America, and other regions of the world. The revolution produced new exciting technological innovations. As a result, the socioeconomic climate and cultural aspects of Europe and North America were altered in an unprecedented manner. Industrial op portunities also lured the population away from agrarian lifestyles to more urban populaces. The Industrial Revolution extensively changedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution and the Deterioration of the Traditional Family 1216 Words   |  5 Pageswas hit by the worldwide phenomenon known as the Industrial Revolution, and the U.S. was transformed into an industrial colossus. The vast lands of America made abundant resources available to those who wished to utilize them. This opened up new jobs, and the once agricultural families were, for the first time, split up; mothers, fathers, and children left their homes to work in factories and railroads. While it is undeniable the Industrial Revolution and all of its technological advances helped theRead MoreImperialism Is The Conception Or Preservation Of An Unequal Economic, Cultural, And Territorial Relationship1000 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess of industrialization. What were the necessary conditions to industrialize, and how was each c ritical? What principle inventions and innovations were important to the industrial revolution and why? In the Week 3 document, â€Å"Industrial Revolution and Women,† what are some of the key ways the author suggests women were impacted by Industrialization? (Answer 2.)- Industrialization is the movement where world or society changes its ways from a more old fashioned society of production, to a societyRead MoreMass Production Affects Conflicts With Society, Business And International Affairs907 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Industrial Revolution, the role of government was to keep the peace (or fight wars), maintain civil order and enforce law. By the progressive era, government in addition accepted some responsibility for regulating the economy and caring for the needy. The concept of economic policy had been born. Anti-trust laws and civil rights laws now existed. In Europe, the labor movement began during the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more industrial areasRead MoreWorking Class Families In The Industrial Revolution Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pages During the 18th to 19th centuries, the Industrial Revolution sparked various new ideas and introduced a modernized way of life to the people of Great Britain. Citizens had to adapt to an array of social and economic changes. During this time-period, gender roles and family order were shifted which created new dilemmas in the household. Working-class families were negatively impacted by the transition from the cottage industry to an industrialized society. Industrialization forced working-classRead MoreCauses And Effects Of The Industrial Revolution1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an extremely significant revolution due to the monumental change into mass production. There were many different causes and outcomes of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution impacted people and industries all around the world, prompting changes in many societies. For example, the Industrial Revolution initiated in Britain, but eventually found its way to America. After this, it impacted many other countries who desired the sameRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution840 Words   |  4 Pages The Industrial Revolution had a negative impact on nations. Some reasons to support my claim is that factories had a big effect on children, it also impacted women and their wages and the environment. The Industrial Revolution had a negative effect on the children and women, and the reason it had a negative effect was that there were bad conditions that the children and women lived and worked in. The conditions that the children had to work under were horrible, which led to illnesses and diseasesRead MoreThe Positive and Negative effects of the Industrial Revolution752 Words   |  4 PagesNegative effects of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution had many positive and negative impacts on society. The positive include cheaper clothes, more job opportunities, and improvement in transportation. And the negative would include exploitation of women and children, workers work long hours and environmental damages. These are just a few that I believe had an impact on the Industrial Revolution. England was an ideal place for the Industrial Revolution to begin. It had a greatRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreWhat Did The Career Lives Of United States Women Change During The United?1535 Words   |  7 Pagesdid the career lives of United States women change during the United States’ industrial Revolution? My interest in women of the industrial revolution in the United States, because there are many turning points in the lifestyle of United S tates women and the Industrial Revolution appears to me to be one of the first steps in the evolution of the roles of women living in the United States. The method used to investigate this life changing time period for women and the United States as a whole is the

Isolation in Detective Fiction Essay - 1308 Words

In detective fiction, authors create chaos, which they balance with a sense of structure and reason. They implement many elements to entice the reader to continue with the detective on his quest to solve the riddle and defeat the chaos, which can be divided into two sections: noticeable chaos and silent chaos. Noticeable chaos includes elements such as murder and thievery, obvious aspects of detective fiction that make the reader cringe. Silent chaos, on the other hand, includes locked rooms and settings; things that make the reader shiver because they have no idea why it is affecting them so much. Authors use these different elements to support common themes that are woven into many different works of detective fiction. Sir Arthur Conan†¦show more content†¦It is also the location of the death of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which is extremely frightening because no one knows what happened in the laboratory, and everyone fears the unknown. The locked room also appears in  "The Problem of Cell 13† by Jacques Futrelle; however, the use of the locked room in this short story instills the fear of being imprisoned in the audience, rather than the fear of the unknown. The locked cell is filled with vile creatures and lacks any type of comfort, causing the reader to cringe at the idea of the character being in such a place. In â€Å"The Adventure of the Speckled Band† by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the locked room is the location of a murder as well as the house of the murder weapon. Doyle has the character of the stepfather, Dr. Roylott, lock the snake in a metal safe, which depicts that dangerous things are kept in locked places. Locked rooms in detective fiction have a negative connotation, which the reader can relate to being locked out of communication with society. Authors also create silent chaos in the stories by depicting the regression, or reverse evolution, of mankind. Evolution, as an idea becoming popular in the incipient stages of the detective fiction genre, was a commonly used idea by writers as a way of evoking the fear of a more instinctual side of human beings in the society. Reverse evolution connects with silent chaos because it does not happen right away, it is a slow process which society would not noticeShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : Modern Detective Fiction1573 Words   |  7 PagesModern detective fiction has been employed cross-culturally predominantly with television media in recent decades as detective serve as reflections of cultural assumptions and values conveyed through the genre. Authors of new innovative storylines with unique characterizations and revitalizations of classic, ageless characters coincide to present new shift messages about crimes, the human element, and the detective. The comparable and divergent adaptations of detective genre is coming when comparingRead MoreDetective Archetype796 Words   |  4 PagesDetective Archetype Essay Sherlock Holmes and the Doctor share qualities such as higher intelligence, isolation from society, and hyperactivity that shape them into the only ones capable of providing justice for the threatened. The two fit the detective archetype quite well and whether explicit or not, the archetype is prevalent in their stories as well as others. Qualities of the detective archetype are represented through each â€Å"detective’s† habits, actions, words, thoughts, and choicesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Impact on American Literature1379 Words   |  6 Pageswas writing about so that they could figure it out themselves. Poe decided to use this type of writing in his story, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, thus creating the type of writing known to others as detective fiction. â€Å"Poe practically single-handedly invented the puzzle element of detective fiction that later came to dominate the genres of mystery and crime,† says Boston University English professor Charles Rzepka.†(Hockensmith). The Raven is Poes poem that would bring about the theme of darknessRead MoreWilliam Chandler s Farewell My Lovely1236 Words   |  5 PagesDetective fiction at its finest is displayed through the famous novel by Raymond Chandler called, Farewell My Lovely. Chandler published this novel in 1940 with every intention of giving his readers something dark and mysterious to dive into. Throughout the novel, the kind of protagonist that we naturally expect to encounter, is much more the opposite. The unconventional hero in this case would be the suggested â€Å"protagonist† names Philip Marlowe. He plays a cynical man who appears to not need anyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Writings Of Washington Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne, And Edgar Allan Poe1335 Words   |  6 Pagesshort stories. Poe (1809-1849) was born in Boston on January 19, 1809, and was widely acclaimed literary critic, lecturer, Author, and Poet. He is widely Credited for inventing a new genre of writing, now commonly called, ‘detective fiction’, and also for advancing scientific fiction. He is the author of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death,† â€Å"The Black Cat,† â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"William Wilson,† â€Å"Pym† and other popular essays (Lauter 2692). Poe was a very good poet as wellRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Cask Of Amontillado2477 Words   |  10 Pagesbut it also delved more into the supernatural and in to the mind of the characters. Poe was known as one of the best at gothic fiction. He took parts of his life and put them into his stories giving them emotions. Edgar Allan Poe’s works had gothic style by his use of the theme of death, the supernatural and the use of a narrator to bring a feel of solidarity and isolation Edgar Allan Poe’s live was a very tragic one with death and suffering through and through. His life tremendously affected hisRead MoreThe Raven - Edgar Allan Poes View About His Own Fate.1285 Words   |  6 Pageswas born on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He is one of the most significant writers in the American history. Well known for its mystery and horror stories he is considered part of the Romantic movement in US and the inventor of detective fiction genre. On January 29, 1845 he publishes his poem The Raven in the Evening Mirror which granted him with immense fame (Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography 1941). The editor of the publishing newspaper wrote: It is the most effective singleRead MoreA Comparison of the Themes of Blade Runner and Brave New World1480 Words   |  6 Pagesactions. All aspects of the ‘New State’ within Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World indicate a belief that humanity is more sophisticated than the wild. Huxley’s continuous use of fake scientific jargon, while setting up his science fiction genre, also allows his characters and their actions to appear intelligent. Words such as â€Å"bokanovskified† serve the purpose of describing how science has replaced the natural process of reproduction. This implies that there is a generalRead MoreCitizen Kane Research Paper.When Discussing The Greatest2003 Words   |  9 Pageseverywhere. A noticeable trait of the movie is how it plays with the conventions of genre. It showcases three elements of â€Å"super genres†: documentary, non-narrative, and narrative fiction, with most of the detail and nuance within the sub genres of narrative fiction cinema. These sub genres being: family melodrama, horror, and detective. A lot of events in Kane’s life seem to reflect upon his loss of a maternal figure. The mother’s rejection of young Kane, the enforced aligning with Mr. Thatcher as his substituteRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Mean Time, By Carol Ann Duffy2469 Words   |  10 Pagesrepercussions associated with it, its paramount significance and the relationship between childhood curiosity and innocence. The extracts and poems that will be analysed are Chapter 7 ‘Holes and Things’, Ch apter 27 ‘About Natural History’ and Chapter 29 ,’Detective Work’ from Waterland and Duffy’s ‘Litany’, ‘Stafford Afternoons’ and ‘Away and See’. Throughout these texts, both writers consider curiosity as a vital quality of life. In Duffy’s poem ‘Away and See’, for example, she describes curiosity as a quality

Balance Free Essays

One fine evening, while walking to my friend’s place enjoying the beautiful climate cool breeze, making one to be there walking or standing still to enjoy it, I saw a group of kids riding their bicycles like a gang roaming. A huge van came in the opposite direction, which meant they had to make space, which they have been occupying so far, for the monster vehicle. Due to sudden change of course or rough terrain, one of the kids lost his balance fell to the safe side of the road. We will write a custom essay sample on Balance or any similar topic only for you Order Now I thought, â€Å"The kid must be new to riding bicycles hence couldn’t manage his balance when faced with a sudden change†. This thought struck me big, when for a moment I used it comparing the journey of riding our life against any challenge or change. I wondered, â€Å"How easily it made sense? †. Our whole life, aren’t we actually trying to keep all the various forces in a state of balance, where we are not pulled or pushed in by anyone of them so that we are deviated from our actual destined path. If so then what would be a balanced life. I would say a balance life is â€Å"A way of life that enables us to live in accordance with our nature, to improve our character, to better deal with the inevitable hardships of life and to strive for the good of the whole, not just of the individual. † This I believe will lead us to the ultimate happiness in life. So basically, â€Å"Life is a process of developing virtues which are essential for achieving the ultimate goal, happiness, which must be desired for itself†. It must not be confused with carnal or material pleasures, although there are many people who consider this to be real happiness, since they are the most basic form of pleasures. This is not to say that happiness is void of pleasures, but that pleasures are a natural effect, not the purpose. The virtues essential for attaining true happiness is in itself a balance of 2 extremes. For example, Courage is the middle between one extreme of deficiency (cowardice) and the other extreme of excess (recklessness). The middle depends on the situation because of the difficulty of the balance in certain situations can require a different level of action. Recognising this leads to improving the virtues constantly in anticipation of various different situations requiring the higher levels of actions. This holds only for virtues, not vices (hate, envy, jealousy, theft, murder, etc. ) So what endangers the balance of the life? It follows the same principle as in physical world. When there is an excess or deficiency of the struggling forces then the balance is destroyed. Today’s modern man usually succumbs in the sin of excess, which can be seen in the excess accumulation of material wealth, food, alcohol, drugs, etc. than what is necessary. But he can descend into deficiency as easily too, like inadequate attention to education, healthy sport activities, intellectual pursuits, etc. For every action that we take in our life we must look to keep it in balance with the corresponding balancing actions. The beautiful example, we must look to for keeping things in balance is nature, until man came along destroyed the state with his want for excess lack of attention towards actions for preserving the balance. Since human beings are from nature, isn’t it reasonable to conclude that humans should also uphold the balance, just like nature? The problem is that the vast majority of people are unwilling to admit that they are not at the top of nature, just a part of it. The current generation need to overcome their pride and arrogance and look in nature for guidance, because we all depend on it to leave behind a safer, habitable environment for the next generation to live in. Staring into the sky and imagining ourselves in heaven will not accomplish anything; it is better instead look around to accept our role in the world and appreciate the beauty of life, and death, which gives meaning to it. This will help us in upholding the balance both within outside as well. How to cite Balance, Papers

McCartney Songwriter Essay Example For Students

McCartney Songwriter Essay McCartney SongwriterWhen someone mentions the Beatles, most people who know of the band would think of Lennon, McCartney, Ringo and Harrison playing great music on stage. The Beatles still are the best pop rock group ever and it has been said that no other pop rock band will come close to their level of success. Their music was fresh, new and of course it sounded fantastic. But there have been rumors and stories about what the Beatles were singing about, and also about the band members such as whether Paul McCartney was dead or alive along with many other well-known controversial rumors. Elson manages to bypass all this hearsay and write and intimate diary of Paul McCartneys life and also a short history of his father and mother. It is in two parts, the first explores Pauls childhood and his experiences of growing up, meeting other members of the Beatles and how their careers developed. The book also goes on to clear up rumors about their music and what stimulated the Beatles to write songs. The second part explores Pauls solo career and life as a family man with Linda. The book starts off when Paul is a young child and explores Pauls influences such as his father who had a deep passion for music and shared this passion with his two boys. Epstien explains how Paul loved the guitar and how this enabled him to write songs to communicate his feelings inside him, an example is when he wrote Let it be which was about his mothers death. When I find myself in times of trouble, mother Mary comes to me, speaking words of wisdom, Let it beThe book continues to travel through the various stages Paul went through as a child, his passion for music, his talents at school and his aspirations for become a teacher. It describes his first meeting with John Lennon and how the two boys shared their musical talents and songwriting ideas that developed songs that later on in life would be hits all over the world. Originally John and Paul didnt have compatible styles of music. However, after time spent together they shared their music and songwriting ideas and most of the Beatles music was composed even before the band was formed. The other two members of the band Ringo Star and George Harrison and their entrance into McCartneys life is written about as well as their influences on the music a very brief history of their family life. It travels through the good and bad times shared by these four people, deep and tragic moments including the death of Pauls mother and how he dealt with it, along with the death of their manager Brain Epstien and other grave experiences Paul has lived through. The book concentrates heavily on the Beatles, as this was the main channel for Paul to share his music with the world. It analyses what provoked Paul to write songs, clarifying rumors that have been spread over the years about Paul and the Beatles music. A common rumor is how Lucy in the sky with diamonds was concerned with the abuse of LSD, much different from the actual story of Johns son bringing home a picture. When Julian was asked what it was he replied Its Lucy in the sky with diamonds. The second part of the book while being much shorter than the first was based on much more on Pauls solo career and his life with Linda and his family. It analyses how Paul used everyday, common situations as stimuli for music and songwriting. A very in-depth, intimate read of Paul McCartney, the Beatles and an era of the best pop rock ever to grace the ears of the public. Epstien delivers truth and intimacy to recreate Pauls life from a child to where it stood in the 80s.

How to Deal with APA Citations in Your College Papers

Why is formatting so important? It is often neglected by students who think that this is boring and unnecessary: the professor will understand the paper anyway. Unfortunately, for those who are studying and luckily for the readers, adhering to the format is an indispensable thing. Lets consider an example: This picture demonstrates us how different the same text looks depending on its design. Even though this article is not an academic paper, but you can visually grasp the main purpose of formatting. An essay with paragraphs and proper citing is much easier to read than a paper which resembles a solid sheet of text. As for academic writing, good formatting tells about students abilities to: Adhere to the rules; Simplify the complex; Structure; Be disciplined; These 4 skills are quite important for the future career whatever it would be. What is APA? APA is an abbreviation of the American Psychological Association. This style of formatting can be frequently found in the academic works dedicated to social or humanitarian issues. There are lots of specifications of citing various sources books, websites, newspapers, articles or even videos and pictures. Every kind of the citation differs from others, so you need to know more about the most common of them. Also, a general rule for APA citation represents this structure: Contributors. (Date). Title (Secondary Contributors). Publication Information So, you place the authors name first, continue with the date and add secondary contributors if they exist. In the end, you should put publication information. Nevertheless, this is only a basic form. To impress your professor with your formatting skills you need to use specific kinds of citations. How to Cite a Book Books citing is not the same according to its type. You should know how to work with 3 kinds of books: actually a book, e-book and book found in a database. For the simple book, the template looks like: Author, A.A.. (Year of Publication). The title of work. Publisher City, State: Publisher. For instance: Gordon, R. J. (2016). The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press Be careful with the font: the title of the book should be italicized. E-book citing You are free to work with books on the e-reader if it seems more convenient. Nowadays, some publishers bring out only electronic versions of literature works, so lets find out what you should also mention compiling the reference list. Author, F.M. (Year of Publication). The title of work [E-reader Version]. Retrieved from http://xxxxx or doi:xxxxx APA Example: Verbic M. (2011). Advances in Econometrics Theory and Applications. Retrieved from http://www.freebookcentre.net/ You should write Digital Object Identifier which is frequently used by library databases while mentioning the book from a database. Rules of Website Citing Students often cite websites noticing some articles which contain some useful information data for their academic papers. In fact, we use only some content written by an author, not the whole source. However, sometimes there is no author mentioned on the website. So, here we use 2 templates: Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title. Retrieved from URL or Title. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Retrieved from URL For instance: BBC GCSE Bitesize: What is communication? (2017, March 17) Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/people/communicationrev1.shtml Working with Periodicals Periodical could be: Academic journals; Daily, weekly or monthly magazines; Newspapers. All those sources can be found online and in print, so the rules for their citing are slightly different. Academic Sources Citing Another authors dissertation, thesis or coursework can be also used as a source of information for an academic paper. Some people receive useful information from lectures or conference papers. These papers are usually stored in databases or on specific websites Here is a template for academic paper cite taken from a database: Last, F.M. (Date published). Title (Doctoral dissertation or masters thesis). Retrieved from database name. (Accession or Order no.) Citing of papers from the internet: Last, F.M. (Date published). Title (Doctoral dissertation or masters thesis). Retrieved from the URL (Accession or Order no.) Lets provide an example: Krishnamoorthy, S.(2017). Alleviation of reentry communications blackout by electrostatic methods (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://searchworks.stanford.edu/ Other Kinds of Citations You can cite not only written sources but also photos, videos or even radio broadcasts. The rules for such data origins citation correspond to the general APA fundamentals and its not complicated to understand how to do it properly. The authors name always goes first, after that you should mention the year of release or publication, the next step is a title. The last two positions are represented by a country and company which is responsible for the release. As you see, APA citation is a simple matter. The key thing is your attention. Be accurate and considerate to avoid mistakes while compiling a reference list. Also, dont forget about formatting rules which are connected with the rest of your paper and add lists and tables to simplify the reading. Provide diagrams, pictures and infographics to dilute your text with visual elements It will help to keep the reader and simplify the explanations of the complex issues.

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions

Language and Gender Definitions and Discussions Language and gender is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies varieties of speech (and, to a lesser extent, writing) in terms of gender, gender relations, gendered practices, and sexuality. In The Handbook of Language and Gender (2003), Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff discuss the shift that has occurred in the field since the early 1970sa movement away from essentialist and dichotomous conceptions of gender to a differentiated, contextualized, and performative model which questions generalized claims about gender. What Are Language and Gender Studies? Regarding gender, extensive research on language, culture, and identity has sought to uncover the logic of the encoding of sex differences in languages, to analyze the oppressive implications of ordinary speech, to explain miscommunication between men and women, to explore how gender is constructed and interacts with other identities, and to investigate the role of language in helping establish gender identity [as] part of a broader range of processes through which membership in particular groups is activated, imposed, and sometimes contested through the use of linguistic forms . . . that activate stances ([Alessandro] Duranti 2009: 30-31). Other work explores how language is used to reproduce, naturalize, and contest gender ideologies, drawing from many disciplinary perspectives . . .. Critical discourse, narrative, metaphor, and rhetorical analysis have been used to examine other gendered dimensions of processes of meaning making, such as gender bias in cell biology (Beldecos et al . 1988) and factory farm industry language used to conceal violence (Glenn 2004).(Christine Mallinson and Tyler Kendall, Interdisciplinary Approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013) Doing Gender We act out gender roles from a continuum of masculine and feminine characteristics; we are therefore gendered and we are involved in the process of our own gendering and the gendering of others throughout our lives. In the field of  gender and language use, this performance of gender is referred to as doing gender. In many ways we are rehearsed into our gender roles, like being prepared for a part in a play: gender is something we do, not something we are (Bergvall, 1999; Butler, 1990). Over our lives and particularly in our early formative years, we are conditioned, prompted and prodded to behave in acceptable ways so that our gender, and our communitys acceptance of it, aligns with our ascribed sex. [S]ome scholars in the field question the distinction that sex is a biological property and gender is a cultural construct, and both terms continue to be contested . . ..(Allyson Julà ©, A Beginners Guide to Language and Gender. Multilingual Matters, 2008) The Dangers of Abstraction Our diagnosis is that gender and language studies suffer from the same problem as that confronting sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics more generally: too much abstraction. Abstracting gender and language from the social practices that produce their particular forms in given communities often obscures and sometimes distorts the ways they connect and how those connections are implicated in power relations, in social conflict, in the production and reproduction of values and plans. Too much abstraction is often symptomatic of too little theorizing: abstraction should not substitute for theorizing but be informed by and responsive to it. Theoretical insight into how language and gender interact requires a close look at social practices in which they are jointly produced. (Sally McConnell-Ginet, Gender, Sexuality, and Meaning: Linguistic Practice and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2011) Background and Evolution of Language and Gender Studies In the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s, women began to examine and critique societal practices that supported gender discrimination in consciousness-raising groups, in feminist cells, in rallies and media events (see [Alice] Echols, 1989, for a history of the womens movement in the United States). In the academy, women and a few sympathetic men started to examine the practices and methods of their disciplines, subjecting them to similar critiques for similar ends: the elimination of societal inequities based upon gender. The study of language and gender was initiated in 1975 by three books, the latter two of which have continued to significantly influence sociolinguistic work: Male/Female Language (Mary Ritchie Key), Language and Womens Place (Robin Lakoff), and Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance (Barrie Thorne and Nancy Hedley, Eds.). . . . Overly dichotomous ideas of gender pervade Western society in ways that must be challenged. Because, however, it is important that challenging exaggerated notions of difference does not simply result in women assimilating to male, or mainstream, norms, feminist scholars must simultaneously document and describe the value of attitudes and behaviors long considered feminine. In doing so, feminist scholars challenge their exclusive association with women and point out their value for all people.(Rebecca Freeman and Bonnie McElhinny, Language and Gender. Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching, ed. by Sandra Lee McKay and Nacy H. Hornberger. Cambridge University Press, 1996) In the first phase of language/gender research, Many of us were eager to piece together an overall portrayal of differences in the speech of women and men. We invented notions like genderlect to provide overall characterizations of sex differences in speech (Kramer, 1974b; Thorne and Henley, 1975). The genderlect portrayal now seems too abstract and overdrawn, implying that there are differences in the basic codes used by women and men, rather than variably occurring differences, and similarities.(Barrie Thorne, Cheris Kramarae, and Nancy Henley, 1983; quoted by Mary Crawford in Talking Difference: On Gender and Language. SAGE, 1995)Interactional sociolinguistics [IS] serves as one of many theoretical orientations that have been drawn on to investigate gender and communication. The pioneering study of Maltz and Borker (1982) provided a starting point for [Deborah] Tannens (1990, 1994, 1996, 1999) writing on language and gender in which Tannen investigates interactions between women a nd men as a kind of cross-cultural communication and firmly establishes IS as a useful approach to gendered interaction. Her general audience book You Just Dont Understand (Tannen, 1990) offers insights into everyday communication rituals of speakers of both genders. Much like Lakoffs (1975) Language and Womens Place, Tannens work has fueled both academic and popular interest in the topic. In fact, language and gender research exploded in the 1990s and continues to be a topic receiving a great deal of attention from researchers using various theoretical and methodological perspectives (Kendall and Tannen, 2001).(Cynthia Gordon, Gumperz and Interactional Sociolinguistics. The SAGE Handbook of Sociolinguistics, ed. by Ruth Wodak, Barbara Johnstone, and Paul Kerswill. SAGE, 2011) Language and gender studies have seen significant expansion to encompass sexual orientation, ethnicity and multilingualism, and, to some extent, class, involving analyses of spoken, written, and signed gendered identities.(Mary Talbot, Language and Gender, 2nd ed. Polity Press, 2010)

Refection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Refection paper - Essay Example The speaker based her presentation on life experience and the entire event was informative and identified concepts that are applicable to my real life situation (Syracuse University). The event was informative and improved my knowledge on existence of challenges from different aspects of life. It also enlightened me on different aspects of life and their roles in facilitating strength and coexistence among individuals. With the knowledge of natural and human imposed limits, the event taught me of the benefits of courage in facing challenges. A courageous heart will for example have strength to embrace difficulties and uncertainties until success is realized and therefore reduces chances of missed opportunities. The event has also taught me the concept of persistence and determination in pursuing a venture. These concepts define continued efforts in spite of possible challenges in a situation and they eliminate possibilities of losing a viable opportunity because of lost hope from frustrations. Close to the concept of persistence is the concept of perseverance that I also learnt from the unit and that facilitates success in initiatives (Syracuse University). I also learnt of the importance and significance of having a purpose in an individual’s life, of having a driving factor in a person’s life, of being spiritual and being able to maintain established potentials. A purpose establishes targets to be attained and facilitates development of strategies for attaining those targets. I have also learnt to understand purpose as an intrinsic motivator that encourages efforts towards achieving desired goals. The event also enlightened me of the need to be a motivated person in order to embrace and even overcome challenges in life. Hope, courage, and faith that are developed from spiritual aspects of life are other sources of power and strength towards managing challenges and overcoming them to achieve success (Syracuse University). The ‘30th Annual

Human capital is increasingly considered a source of competitive Essay

Human capital is increasingly considered a source of competitive advantage for organizations - Essay Example First, the statement will be examined and then the role of human resource managers will be discussed within this context. The competition amongst the businesses around the globe is getting tougher and tougher (Dyer, 1993). Businesses are employing new techniques and adopting new strategies to reach the customer through developing a competitive edge over their customers. The reasons for this increased competition are global competition, knowledgeable customers, demanding stockholders and constant changes in technology (Dyer, 1993). The businesses which reach the top have always been successful in finding the competitive advantage that proves to be sustainable over the time (Dyer, 1993). Financial resource of an organization or the use of technology has been the main source of competitive advantage of the organization in the past. These resources are essential for the success of the organization, but not sufficient. For this reason, the companies with large employee base have started viewing their human resource as the source of creating customer delight and rapid innovation which places the organization ahead of its competitors. The performance of the organization will suffer if the human resource processes and policies are misaligned, failing to reinforce the business strategy. Since many years, many organizations have tried to shift their competitive advantage to the human resource by managing it more effectively (Dyer, 1993). At the end of the day, it is the human capital of the organization which formulates strategies, identify business opportunities, innovate new products and target the right market segments (Dyer, 1993). The uniqueness in services and products is created and maintained by the human resource of an organization (Pilenzo, 2009). Therefore, if the human resource is managed well, the organization can develop a competitive advantage which cannot be duplicated over time (Pilenzo, 2009). Knowledge and

Effect of outdoor play on children

Effect of outdoor play on children The aim of this project is to explore the effect of outdoor play on childrens social, emotional and physical development. According to Bruce (2004) play is probably one of the least understood aspects of an early-childhood practitioners work (p.135). The conceptualisation of play is shared by many other early childhood practitioners for whom play is considered essential, as an activity promoting learning (p.135). Outdoor play is a much needed activity in the early childhood. You may have come across a child playing and you are sure he/she is having a fun time. Therefore, play is the building block of a childs intellectual skills. Through play child develops social, emotional and physical skills. The outdoors according to Letter Wyver (2008) presents obvious opportunities to move and be active, and for children to discover and engage with the natural environment, as well as the chance for open ended activities such as sand water play, construction and pretend play. According to Hutt et al (1989, p.10) the emotional and social development of pre-school children depends crucially upon play while Penn (2008) asserts that to learn about child development is to learn about Piaget (p.41). As Piaget focused on how children acquire knowledge, he tried to understand how children change the way they think, how babies show intense reactions to external stimuli them (Penn, 2008). Ibid (2008) asserts that it was Piaget who provided a theoretical legitimating of learning through play. In addition, Berk (2009), Keenan (2002) Bruce (2004) are firm believers that children actively explore their environment and are influential in shaping their own knowledge. They believe that it was through social interaction with more experienced and more knowledgeable members of the society parents, relatives, teachers, peers etc. that children are able to acquire the knowledge and skills that a culture deems to be important According to Bruce (2004) there is no clear definition for play. It is still an umbrella world (Ibid, 1991), while other early childhood practitioners defined play as childs work. Play is primary way children express their social nature (Strickland et al, 2003). Ibid (2003) argued that all kids enjoy playing alone some of the time; while some prefer to play with others (social play) much of the time. Play is an integral part of learning. Piaget defined play as a kind of scientific rehearsal (Penn, 2008; p.43). While Bitton (2010) stated that play offers a meaningful context for children and that it is only when a situation has meaning and purpose ED3000 0749364 that children can function at a higher level (p.49). Childrens emotions are ways in which they react to situations while social development refers to how they get alone with peers and form relationships (Ashiabi, 2007). Furthermore, emotional and social developments are linked because childrens social interactions are usually emotionally charged (Ibid, 2007). To clearly explore the role of outdoor play on social, emotional and physical development. Strickland et al (2003) asserts that outdoor play is critical to the social development of 3-4 year old children, and to girls in particular when it comes to building self confidence (p.2). In addition, children learn to be more empathy and less egocentric through play and they develop more skills for coping with conflict while boys tend to engage in more social dramatic outdoor play than indoors; outdoor play allows boys who are more physical to assume leadership roles (Srickland, 2002) and perhaps get more positive affirmation than they do inside. White (2007) confirmed that when given the choice, the outdoors is where most children want to be and playing outdoors is preferable to indoors. In support of this argument, Eustice Heald (1992) argued that outdoor play is an extension of classroom activities which summarises the beliefs of early year management that children learn best by explorin g, investigating and solving problems outdoors (p.7). While Alfano (2010) asserts that playing outdoors is a form of exercise that promotes well-being and wholesome physical developments; and that children are naturally drawn to active play outdoors. One of the obvious benefits of getting kids outside to play is the increased exercise they will be getting as opposed to setting in front of the T.V. or computer. Most early years scholars have also assert that when children play outdoors they are developing mentally, emotionally, socially, and physically. This view is supported by Johnson et al (2002) that children gain lots of opportunities outside to develop basic social skills and social competencies e.g. running, jumping cycling, hide and seek, sing; sensing, make noise, make mess, crawl, and explore the natural world unchallenged. While Brice (2004) viewed that through play, children develop initiative and are strengthened to face challenges in life (p.134). More so, playing outdoors reduces stress in kids. Children express and work out emotional aspects of everyday experiences through unstructured play (Levesque. 2011). Whilst Strickland (2002) argued that there are also opportunities for emotional development as children test their limit and challenge themselves to try things that may be just at the edge of their reach ED3000 0749364 Moreover, most theorists found that pretend play outdoors was the most dominant form of play (Bulton, 2002). Perhaps thats why theorists such as Piaget and Vygotsky assert that pretend play provides children with opportunities to practice grown up and perspective talking (Ashiabi, 2007; p.2002). Also, in pretend play a child is always above his average age (Penn, 2008; p.44) and above their daily behaviour. In addition, Wyver Little (2008) asserts that play also facilitates language development, creative thinking and problem-solving; and helps children deal with complex and competing emotions. In view of the above statement, parents should allow their children play with other children because it helps in the emotional and social development. Although social and emotional benefits of outdoor play may not be in clear cut, one benefit from research is that it allows kids to move freely, make noise and self-express themselves in ways that many not be encouraging inside. Outside play encourages logical thinking and the ability to reason through highly interactive activities such as building sand-castles, playing games with friends, playing puzzles with friends etc. Time spent outside with peers helps to create social skills that are needed for great healthy friendship (Brouillette, 2010). While Froebal cited by Bruce (2004) stated that play is the highest level of learning.activities of the child (p.132). While Siraj-Blatchford et al (2002) cited by Bruce (2004) shows that the richest play is found especially in nursery schools. According to Little Wyver (2008) the significanc e of outdoor play as an essential part of every childs life has also been acknowledged by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 31 supports a childs right to rest and leisure, and to participate in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child. There are other reasons why playing outdoor is important for children, according to Stewart (2010) when children play outside, they are more likely to maintain a healthy weight because they get the chance to burn off extra calories by running, jumping, climbing, riding bikes, yelling etc. which can also lead to better sleep. Also, the above exercise help children to develop small and large muscles, strengthened bones, increases flexibility, fine and gross motor skills and improves their overall health (Ibid, 2010). In addition, outdoor play is important in early childhood because it helps in the physical development of the child as ED3000 0749364 obesity is a common problem among children today (Pillar, 2010). Therefore, engaging in outdoor play helps in preventing childhood obesity. More so, Vitamin D is essential for the skin and can only be derived by playing outdoors as it is impossible to get an adequate amount from food and vitamins alone. Getting kids outdoor increases the exposure to sun and their natural production of Vitamin D. In contrary to the above advantages of outdoor play, White (2007) argued that today it seems that the motivation for childrens outdoor play has declined because global society is very busy in its day-to-day activities and over protected parents. Furthermore, many school age children have too much homework after school, therefore having less time for outdoor play. Whilst those without homework are too busy/lazy watching T.V, playing computer games, or pre-occupied chatting with friends on-line. Lastly, some parents are too busy with work and other activities (watching T.V, Football, cooking) to see to their childrens adequate outdoor play. Some parents are so paranoid that every man outside the street with big glasses/spectacles is a pervert or paedophile waiting to attack or abduct their children as they play outside. Furthermore, social and environmental factors have greatly impacted on childrens opportunities for outdoors play. Little Wyver (2008) asserts that where once children may have spent time playing in the street riding bicycle, playing chasing games, and hide seek etc, increased traffic has made these areas and play opportunities off-limits for children as the changes are far too great. Children are now confined to classroom, backyards or local parks for relatively safe places to play. Also, Ibid (2008) stated that increase demand for housing in many areas, particularly urban areas, is eroding childrens play ground. Lastly, according to Johnson et al (2005) providing for outdoor play needs for children is a complex and challenging task. A variety of factors must be considered, including the various play needs of young children, supervision, safety etc. while many educators, politicians, and parents believe outdoor play takes time away from academic activities; as a result, recess and physical education in many schools is limited or totally eradicated (Sutterby Frost, 2002 cited by Johnson et al, 2005). Word Counts: 1,613

Monet Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Monet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years there have been many respectable artists but one of the most famous of these artists would have to have been French impressionist Claude Oscar Monet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monet was born on Nov. 14, 1840 in Paris, France and started showing an appreciation for art at an early age. When he was nineteen Monet decided that he wanted to attend art school and soon after that he entered the studio of Charles Glegre. While he was there he met and worked with other respectable artists such as Frederic Bazille, Auguset Renoir, and Alfred Sisley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Monet began working outside with the invention of portable tubes of oil paint in the 1840’s. Soon he began presenting his pictures of the outdoors sunlight with a direct sketch-like application of bright color. Many felt that would cut off any possibilities of him ever becoming a successful painter. Many of Monet’s paintings from this time are extremely loosely structured and the colors seemed to have been applied in strong, distinct strokes as if no   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   II reworking had been attempted. This type of art seemed to suggest that the a...

Dss Leadership Paper

I believe this is one area Davit is very effective in conveying to its teammates. Davit's mission is â€Å"To be the Provider. Partner and Employer of Choice. † Everywhere I have visited within the Village I have seen this mission be the corner stone of what Davit is all about. The teammates really take pride in what they do. They understand that patient outcomes are very important yet management does not forget the importance of professional development, teammate Incentive programs and work environment, all related to being the Employer of Choice.This information has been backed up by organizations like Training Magazine's â€Å"Top 125† which Davit ranked #1 for national health care service provider for its employee training programs. One thing that fits for me in is the statement in the book that states, â€Å"If an action we're are considering doesn't support our mission, either directly or indirectly, we don't do It. † This Is something I plan to live by and really make sure the decisions I make are the Davit way and they fit within our mission and core values.The book states that Santa runs a productive ND he Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus, is written by Eric Harvey, David Cottrell, AY Lucia and Mike Harridan. There are eight main points or Santa Secrets Running head: The Leadership Secrets 3 happy place in spite of the intense pressures and challenges they face. This is exactly the work environment we face within Davit. The environment on the floor Is Intense and the pressure to meet our goals in enormous yet I have fun doing it.I enjoy trying to figure out new ways to improve what we do which leads me to the next secret. Another secret the book discusses is â€Å"Listen to the Elves. † In this chapter the author discusses the importance of inviting participation from the team. The author also encourages the reader to notice how others perceive them and to spend some time walking In their teammates shoes. This Is one area w here I think I can really be an effective leader within Davit. 1 OFF started working as a technical on ten moor Ana 010 so Tort auto one Ana anal years before advancing to an FAA.Even though I have only been with Davit a short amount f time it has allowed me to understand what a technician or nurse goes through working on the floor. I by no means have all the answers and still consider myself a new tech but it has given me a foundation to grow on. I have seen managers outside of Davit and within Davit implement change without first discussing the change with the entire team and I believe that is what this section is all about. Getting you team involved in the decision making process.I think a great example how this process works is when other staff members get involved in all aspects of patient care. For example when our Anemia Manager, asks the clinicians what might have caused a patients Homoerotic to drop; or when our FAA asks us how we want to adjust our patient schedule and the n Running head: The Leadership Secrets 4 chips in during turnover to make the day a little easier; and when our nurses ask the Techs how their day is going and willingly lend a hand with patient care. These are Just some of the examples of how we listen to each other as a team.Conclusion This is a very good book and in the interest of peeping this paper short I will conclude here. I believe these concepts discussed in the book are a great start not Just for the management aspect of business but for our personal lives as well. This book is like no other leadership book I have read and really puts an interesting twist to leadership which makes the book fun to read. It will make for a great reference to look back on. Thank you! Running head: The Leadership Secrets 5 References Cottrell David. (2003). The Leadership Secrets of Santa Claus. Performance Systems Corporation.

Invasion of Italy (Salerno) in World War II

The Allied invasion of Italy took place September 3–16, 1943, during World War II (1939–1945). Having driven the German and Italian troops from North Africa and Sicily, the Allies decided to invade Italy in September 1943. Landing in Calabria and south of Salerno, British and American forces pushed inland. The fighting around Salerno proved particularly fierce and ended when British forces from Calabria arrived. Defeated around the beaches, the Germans withdrew north to the Volturno Line. The invasion opened a second front in Europe and helped take pressure off Soviet forces in the east. Fast Facts: Invasion of Italy Dates: September 3–16, 1943, during World War II (1939–1945).Allies Armies and Commanders: General Sir Harold Alexander, General Sir Bernard Montgomery, and Lieutenant General Mark Clark; 189,000 men.Axis Armies and Commanders: Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and Colonel General Heinrich von Vietinghoff; 100,000 men. Sicily With the conclusion of the campaign in North Africa in the late spring of 1943, Allied planners began looking north across the Mediterranean. Though American leaders such as General George C. Marshall favored moving forward with an invasion of France, his British counterparts desired a strike against southern Europe. Prime Minister Winston Churchill ardently advocated for attacking through what he termed the soft underbelly of Europe, as he believed that Italy could be knocked out of the war and the Mediterranean opened to Allied shipping.  Ã‚   As it became increasingly clear that resources were not available for a cross-Channel operation in 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt agreed to the invasion of Sicily. Landing in July, American and British forces came ashore near Gela and south of Syracuse. Pushing inland, the troops of Lieutenant General George S. Pattons Seventh Army and General Sir Bernard Montgomerys Eighth Army pushed back the Axis defenders.   Next Steps These efforts resulted in a successful campaign that led to the overthrow of Italian leader Benito Mussolini  in late July 1943. With operations in Sicily coming to close in mid-August, the Allied leadership renewed discussions regarding an invasion of Italy. Though the Americans remained reluctant, Roosevelt understood the need to continue engaging the enemy to relieve Axis pressure on the Soviet Union until landings in northwest Europe could move forward. Also, as the Italians had approached the Allies with peace overtures, it was hoped that much of the country could be occupied before German troops arrived in large numbers. Prior to the campaign in Sicily, Allied plans foresaw a limited invasion of Italy that would be restricted to the southern part of the peninsula. With the collapse of Mussolinis government, more ambitious operations were considered. In assessing options for invading Italy, the Americans initially hoped to come ashore in the northern part of the country, but the range of Allied fighters limited potential landing areas to the Volturno river basin and the beaches around Salerno. Though further south, Salerno was chosen due to its calmer surf conditions, proximity to Allied air bases, and the existing road network beyond the beaches. Operation Baytown Planning for the invasion fell to Supreme Allied Commander in the Mediterranean, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the commander of the 15th Army Group, General Sir Harold Alexander. Working on a compressed schedule, their staffs at Allied Force Headquarters devised two operations, Baytown and Avalanche, which called for landings in Calabria and Salerno, respectively. Assigned to Montgomerys Eighth Army, Baytown was scheduled for September 3. It was hoped that these landings would draw German forces south, allowing them to be trapped in southern Italy by the later Avalanche landings on September 9. This approach also had the benefit of the landing craft being able to depart directly from Sicily. Not believing that the Germans would give battle in Calabria, Montgomery came to oppose Operation Baytown as he felt that it placed his men too far from the main landings at Salerno. As events unfolded, Montgomery was proved correct, and his men were forced to march 300 miles against minimal resistance to the reach the fighting. Operation Avalanche Execution of Operation Avalanche fell to Lieutenant General Mark Clarks U.S. Fifth Army, which was comprised of Major General Ernest Dawleys U.S. VI Corps and Lieutenant General Richard McCreerys British X Corps. Tasked with seizing Naples and driving across to the east coast to cut off enemy forces to the south, Operation Avalanche called for landing on a broad, 35-mile front to the south of Salerno. Responsibility for the initial landings fell to the British 46th and 56th Divisions in the north and the U.S. 36th Infantry Division in the south. The Sele River separated the British and American positions. Supporting the invasions left flank was a force of U.S. Army Rangers and British Commandos, which were given the objective of securing the mountain passes on the Sorrento Peninsula and blocking German reinforcements from Naples. Prior to the invasion, extensive thought was given to a variety of supporting airborne operations utilizing the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division. These included employing glider troops to secure the passes on the Sorrento Peninsula as well as a full-division effort to capture the crossings over the Volturno River. Each of these operations was deemed either unnecessary or unsupportable and was dismissed. As a result, the 82nd was placed in reserve. At sea, the invasion would be supported by a total of 627 vessels under the command of Vice Admiral Henry K. Hewitt, a veteran of both the North Africa and Sicily landings. Though achieving surprise was unlikely, Clark made no provision for a pre-invasion naval bombardment despite evidence from the Pacific that suggested this was required. German Preparations With the collapse of Italy, the Germans commenced plans for defending the peninsula. In the north, Army Group B, under Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, assumed responsibility as far south as Pisa. Below this point, Field Marshal Albert Kesselrings Army Command South was tasked with halting the Allies. Kesselrings primary field formation, Colonel General Heinrich von Vietinghoffs Tenth Army, consisting of XIV Panzer Corps and LXXVI Panzer Corps, came online on August 22 and began moving to defensive positions. Not believing that any enemy landings in Calabria or other areas in the south would be the main Allied effort, Kesselring left these areas lightly defended and directed troops to delay any advances by destroying bridges and blocking roads. This task largely fell to General Traugott Herrs LXXVI Panzer Corps. Montgomery Lands On September 3, Eighth Armys XIII Corps crossed the Straits of Messina and commenced landings at various points in Calabria. Meeting light Italian opposition, Montgomerys men had little trouble coming ashore and began forming to move north. Though they encountered some German resistance, the greatest impediment to their advance came in the form of demolished bridges, mines, and roadblocks. Due to the rugged nature of the terrain, which held British forces to the roads, Montgomerys speed became dependent on the rate at which his engineers could clear obstacles. On September 8, the Allies announced that Italy had formally surrendered. In response, the Germans initiated Operation Achse, which saw them disarm Italian units and take over the defense of key points. With the Italian capitulation, the Allies commenced Operation Slapstick on September 9, which called for British and U.S. warships to ferry the British 1st Airborne Division into the port of Taranto. Meeting no opposition, they landed and occupied the port. Landing at Salerno On September 9, Clarks forces began moving towards the beaches south of Salerno. Aware of the Allies approach, German forces on the heights behind the beaches prepared for the landings. On the Allied left, the Rangers and Commandos came ashore without incident and quickly secured their objectives in the mountains of the Sorrento Peninsula. To their right, McCreerys corps encountered fierce German resistance and required naval gunfire support to move inland. Fully occupied on their front, the British were unable to press south to link up with the Americans. Meeting intense fire from elements of the 16th Panzer Division, the 36th Infantry Division initially struggled to gain ground until reserve units were landed. As night fell, the British had achieved an advance inland of between five to seven miles while the Americans held the plain to the south of the Sele and gained around five miles in some areas. Though the Allies had come ashore, German commanders were pleased with the initial defense and began shifting units towards the beachhead. The Germans Strike Back Over the next three days, Clark worked to land additional troops and expand the Allied lines. Due to the tenacious German defense, growing the beachhead proved slow, which hampered Clarks ability to build up additional forces. As a result, by September 12, X Corps switched to the defensive as insufficient men were available to continue the advance. The next day, Kesselring and von Vietinghoff commenced a counteroffensive against the Allied position. While the Hermann Gà ¶ring Panzer Division struck from the north, the main German attack hit the boundary between the two Allied corps. This assault gained ground until stopped by a last-ditch defense by the 36th Infantry Division. That night, the U.S. VI Corps was reinforced by elements of the 82nd Airborne Division, which jumped inside the Allied lines. As additional reinforcements arrived, Clarks men were able to turn back German attacks on September 14 with the aid of naval gunfire. On September 15, having sustained heavy losses and failed to break through the Allied lines, Kesselring put the 16th Panzer Division and 29th Panzergrenadier Division on the defensive. To the north, XIV Panzer Corps continued their attacks but were defeated by Allied forces supported by airpower and naval gunfire. Subsequent efforts met a similar fate the next day. With the battle at Salerno raging, Montgomery was pressed by Alexander to hasten Eighth Armys advance north. Still hampered by poor road conditions, Montgomery dispatched light forces up the coast. On September 16, forward patrols from this detachment made contact with the 36th Infantry Division. With Eighth Armys approach and lacking the forces to continue attacking, von Vietinghoff recommended breaking off the battle and pivoting Tenth Army into a new defensive line spanning the peninsula. Kesselring agreed on September 17 and on the night of the 18/19th, German forces began pulling back from the beachhead. Aftermath During the course of the invasion of Italy, Allied forces sustained 2,009 killed, 7,050 wounded, and 3,501 missing while German casualties numbered around 3,500. Having secured the beachhead, Clark turned north and began attacking towards Naples on September 19. Arriving from Calabria, Montgomerys Eighth Army fell into line on the east side of the Apennine Mountains and pushed up the east coast. On October 1, Allied forces entered Naples as von Vietinghoffs men withdrew into the positions of the Volturno Line. Driving north, the Allies broke through this position and the Germans fought several rearguard actions as they retreated. Pursuing, Alexanders forces ground their way north until encountering the Winter Line in mid-November. Blocked by these defenses, the Allies finally broke through in May 1944 following the Battles of Anzio and Monte Cassino.